The income tax compliance of social media influencers during COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study

Authors

  • Yeney Widya Prihatiningtias Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
  • Gracyella Natalie Putri Karo Karo Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v18i2.12789

Keywords:

COVID-19, Tax Compliance, Social Media, Influencers, Millennial

Abstract

Social media platforms have been an important source for the dissemination of information, especially during the COVID-19 social restrictions (work from home) mandate. As a result, most companies now rely more on social media influencers to deliver their brand values. However, many of these influencers do not report and pay their income tax from their social media paid activities. This study is the first to understand the reasons behind their tendency behavior to comply and or incompliance income tax in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative method with in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation was used as the method of study. A total of thirteen Indonesian millennials influencers with a minimum number of 10,000 followers and taxable income from social media were involved in the study to share their views about their tax compliances behavior. Our findings revealed that there are indices that affect tax incompliant behavior among millennial social media influencers such as the sufficiency of knowledge about tax, unclear tax imposition and categorization mechanism, the level of trust, nationalism, and administrative needs for works. These finding also implies that there is an urge to educate influencers about tax compliance by using more suitable content and media to maximize the potential tax revenue from this booming profession.

References

Alshira’h, A. F., Al-Shatnawi, H. M., Al-Okaily, M., Lutfi, A., & Alshirah, M. H. (2021). Do public governance and patriotism matter? Sales tax compliance among small and medium enterprises in developing countries: Jordanian evidence. EuroMed Journal of Business, 16(4), 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-01-2020-0004

Andreas, & Savitri, E. (2015). The effect of tax socialization, tax knowledge, expediency of tax ID number and service quality on taxpayers compliance with taxpayers awareness as mediating variables. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 163–169.

Anggadha, F., & Rosdiana, H. (2020). Analysis of Efforts to Increase Income Taxes of Social Media Influencers in Endorsement Activities. Jurnal Administrasi Publik : Public Administration Journal, 10(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.31289/jap.v10i2.3094

Ardiansyah, F., & Sarwoko, E. (2020). How social media marketing influences consumers purchase decision? A mediation analysis of brand awareness. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 17(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v17i2.6916

Batrancea, L., Nichita, A., Olsen, J., Kogler, C., Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., Weiss, A., Torgler, B., Fooken, J., Fuller, J., Schaffner, M., Banuri, S., Hassanein, M., Alarcón-García, G., Aldemir, C., Apostol, O., Bank Weinberg, D., Batrancea, I., Belianin, A., … Zukauskas, S. (2019). Trust and power as determinants of tax compliance across 44 nations. Journal of Economic Psychology, 74, 102191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2019.102191

Beverland, M., & Lindgreen, A. (2010). What makes a good case study? A positivist review of qualitative case research published in Industrial Marketing Management, 1971–2006. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.09.005

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design (2nd ed.). SAGE Publisher, Inc.

De Neve, J.-E., Imbert, C., Spinnewijn, J., Tsankova, T., & Luts, M. (2021). How to Improve Tax Compliance? Evidence from Population-Wide Experiments in Belgium. Journal of Political Economy, 129(5), 1425–1463. https://doi.org/10.1086/713096

Enyioko, N. C., & Okwandu, G. A. (2019). Effect of Social Media Marketing on The Conversion Rate of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 16(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v16i1.2141

Etienne, J. (2011). Compliance Theory: A Goal Framing Approach. Law & Policy, 33(3), 305–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2011.00340.x

Faizal, S. M., Palil, M. R., Maelah, R., & Ramli, R. (2017). Perception on justice, trust and tax compliance behavior in Malaysia. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(3), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.10.003

Falya, D., & Dirkareshza, R. (2021). Urgensi peraturan pajak dalam aktivitas endorsement yang dilakukan oleh influencer ‘INSTAGRAM.’ JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW, 4(2), 756. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v4i2.3962

Groulx, A., & McGregor, C. (2018). A social media tax data warehouse to manage the underground economy. The 20th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, 1599–1606.

Hajawiyah, A., Suryarini, T., Kiswanto, & Tarmudji, T. (2021). Analysis of a tax amnesty’s effectiveness in Indonesia. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 44, 100415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2021.100415

Hofmann, E., Voracek, M., Bock, C., & Kirchler, E. (2017). Tax compliance across sociodemographic categories: Meta-analyses of survey studies in 111 countries. Journal of Economic Psychology, 62, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.06.005

Hunt, N. C., & Iyer, G. S. (2018). The effect of tax position and personal norms: An analysis of taxpayer compliance decisions using paper and software. Advances in Accounting, 41, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2018.02.003

Hussain, W. (2020). Role of Social Media in COVID-19 Pandemic. The International Journal of Frontier Sciences, 4(2), 59–60. https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.144

Jamain, T. H. (2021). Analisis Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Dalam Transaksi Ecommerce (Studi Kasus Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (WPOP) Yang Merupakan Pelaku E-Commerce Di Kota DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Industri Kreatif Dan Kewirausahaan, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.36441/kewirausahaan.v2i2.62

James, S., & Alley, C. (2002). Tax compliance, self-assessment and tax administration. Journal of Finance and Management in Public Services, 2(2), 27–42.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

Kemme, D. M., Parikh, B., & Steigner, T. (2020). Tax Morale and International Tax Evasion. Journal of World Business, 55(3), 101052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101052

Kemp, S. (2021). Digital 2021: Global Overview Report. DataReportal.Com. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-global-overview-report

Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., & Wahl, I. (2008). Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance: The “slippery slope†framework. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(2), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.05.004

Krisna, D. (2020). The effect of religiosity, nationalism, perception, and taxation knowledge on taxpayer compliance (Empirical study on individual taxpayers of employees registered at KPP Pratama Pondok Aren period 2020). E-Proceeding of Management, 8, 118.

Le, B., & Moore, P. H. (2021). The effects of state ownership and tax rate cuts on accounting conservatism: evidence from Vietnam. Pacific Accounting Review, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-12-2020-0209

Mascagni, G., Mengistu, A. T., & Woldeyes, F. B. (2021). Can ICTs increase tax compliance? Evidence on taxpayer responses to technological innovation in Ethiopia. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 189, 172–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.06.007

Memari, Z., Rezaei Pandari, A., & Bemanzadeh, F. (2021). An interpretive structural model for factors affecting the tax compliance of professional athletes: a case study of football players. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-03-2021-0077

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expended Sourcebook (2nd ed.). SAGE Publisher, Inc.

Mutia, S. P. T. (2014). Pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan, Kesadaran Perpajakan, Pelayanan Fiskus, Dan Tingkat Pemahaman Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Studi Empiris pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Padang). Jurnal Akuntansi, 2(1).

Nguyen, L. T., Nguyen, A. H. V., Le, H. D., Le, A. H., & Truong, T. T. V. (2020). The Factors Affecting Corporate Income Tax Non-Compliance: A Case Study in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.103

Nguyen, T. T. D., Pham, T. M. L., Le, T. T., Truong, T. H. L., & Tran, M. D. (2020). Determinants Influencing Tax Compliance: The Case of Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(2), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no2.65

Novikasari, S. R., Quang Ly, D., & Gershaneck, K. (2021). Taxing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Yogyakarta: Regulation and Compliance. BESTUUR, 9(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v9i1.49184

Nugroho, A., Andini, R., & Raharjo, K. (2016). Pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak dan pengetahuan perpajakan wajib pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak penghasilan (studi kasus pada KPP Semarang Candi). Journal Of Accounting, 2, 2.

Nurhaliza, S. (2020). Hai YouTuber! Sri Mulyani Minta Rutin Bayar Pajak. IDX CHannel. https://www.idxchannel.com/market-news/hai-youtuber-sri-mulyani-minta-rutin-bayar-pajak

Owusu, G. M. Y., Bekoe, R. A., & Mintah, R. (2021). Predictors of tax compliance intentions among self-employed individuals: the role of trust, perceived tax complexity and antecedent-based intervention strategies. Small Enterprise Research, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2021.1989622

Palil, M. R. (2010). Tax knowledge and tax compliance determinants in self assessment system in Malaysia. University of Birmingham.

Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1189.

Piekkari, R., Welch, C., & Paavilainen, E. (2009). The Case Study as Disciplinary Convention. Organizational Research Methods, 12(3), 567–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108319905

Pradana, A. H. (2020). Pajak Penghasilan Terhadap Endorsement Social Media Influencer Dalam Sistem Self Assessment [Universitas Airlangga]. http://repository.unair.ac.id/104045/

Punardi, A. (2019). Selebgram Sudah (seharusnya) Bayar Pajak. Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. https://pajak.go.id/artikel/selebgram-sudah-seharusnya-bayar-pajak

Radvan, M. (2021). Taxation of instagram influencers. UMCS in Lublin, 30(2), 339–356.

Risdiana, N., Utari, P., & Satyawan, I. A. (2020). Gaining Voluntary Tax Compliance through Social Media Influencers: a Descriptive Analysis of the Meaning of Hashtag Usage# PajakProfesi on Instagram Account of Directorate General of Taxes. ICSSED 2020: The Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Social Science and Education, 177.

Roria, S., & Sari, W. K. (2021). Tinjauan Pengenaan Pajak atas Aktivitas Endorsement oleh Selebgram di Indonesia. Jurnal SIKAP (Sistem Informasi, Keuangan, Auditing Dan Perpajakan), 5(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.32897/jsikap.v5i1.472

Sari, S. (2019). Literasi media pada generasi milenial di era digital. Profesional: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Administrasi Publik, 6(2), 30–42. https://doi.org/10.37676/professional.v6i2.943

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Sekeroglu, S., & Bilgin, S. (2019). Influencer Marketing and Taxation of Influencer in Turkey. In New Trends in Social Sciences, eds. H. Özüdogru, T. Çetin, H. Kara, Klaipeda (pp. 125–134).

Singh, V., & Bhupalan, R. (2001). The Malaysian self assessment system of taxation issues and challenges. Scientific Research Publishing, Tax National, 12–17.

Suciu, P. (2020). History Of Influencer Marketing Predates Social Media By Centuries – But Is There Enough Transparency In The 21st Century? Forbes.Com. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/petersuciu/2020/12/07/history-of-influencer-marketing-predates-social-media-by-centuries--but-is-there-enough-transparency-in-the-21st-century/?sh=2c5ddf6a40d7

Taing, H. B., & Chang, Y. (2021). Determinants of Tax Compliance Intention: Focus on the Theory of Planned Behavior. International Journal of Public Administration, 44(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2020.1728313

Tarjo, T., & Kusumawati, I. (2006). Analisis Perilaku Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi terhadap Pelaksanaan Self Assessment System: Suatu Studi di Bangkalan. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 10(1), 101–120.

Taylor, D. G. (2020). Putting the “self†in selfies: how narcissism, envy and self-promotion motivate sharing of travel photos through social media. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1711847

Tjondro, E., Soegihono, A., Fernando, F., & Wanandi, F. (2019). Intergenerational perception of tax audit and voluntary tax compliance. Business and Management Research, 103, 69–81.

Uly, Y. A. (2020). Banyak Influencer yang Tak Punya NPWP? Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/11/13/143700026/banyak-influencer-yang-tak-punya-npwp-?page=all

Uzunoğlu, E., & Misci Kip, S. (2014). Brand communication through digital influencers: Leveraging blogger engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 34(5), 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.04.007

Wardani, D. K., & Wati, E. (2018). Pengaruh Sosialisasi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Dengan Pengetahuan Perpajakan Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Di KPP Pratama Kebumen). Nominal, Barometer Riset Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/nominal.v7i1.19358

Wiederhold, B. K. (2020). Social Media Use During Social Distancing. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(5), 275–276. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.29181.bkw

Williams, C. (2020). Evaluating Public Administration Approaches towards Tax Non-Compliance in Europe. Administrative Sciences, 10(3), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030043

Yin, R. K. (2012). Applications of Case Study Research (Vol. 3). SAGE Publisher, Inc.

Downloads

Published

2021-10-10

How to Cite

Prihatiningtias, Y. W., & Karo Karo, G. N. P. (2021). The income tax compliance of social media influencers during COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 18(2), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v18i2.12789