Does teaching writing through Canva application assist students’ writing performance?

This study involves the issues of teaching writing in English skills in junior high school in the context of the digital world, highlighting the need to utilize technology-driven tools. Canva, an effective design tool, is included in the study as a possible alternative for improving students writing skills. The study aims at looking into the impact of utilizing Canva on students' writing skills and their assessment of the application's contribution to writing creativity. The report examines six connected research that illustrates Canva ’ s beneficial effects on several aspects of learning and teaching. A mixed-method approach is used in the methodology, employing a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Thirty-eight eighth-grade SMP Negeri 2 Sukodono students participated in the study. To examine Canva's effectiveness in developing writing skills, quantitative data obtained through pretest and posttests is analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Furthermore, data from a questionnaire are used to investigate students ’ impressions of Canva ’ s usefulness, ease of use, and suitability for supporting writing abilities. The results show significant improvements in the experimental group, validating that Canva improves students ’ writing skills positively. The results of the questionnaire show that students have a high level of acceptance and good impressions of Canvas's utility, ease of usage, and suitability for improving writing skills. The findings add to the expanding research proving Canva's effectiveness as an English language learning tool. The report encourages additional research to investigate Canva ’ s long-term impact in various learning contexts and deployment methodologies.


INTRODUCTION
In this connected digital era, technology has become an essential component of the learning process, with an increasing application of technology-driven language learning English in junior high school.For example, several learning tools are used to develop distinct aspects of writing skills when teaching writing skills.Mobile applications also help students enhance their writing and self-efficacy skills (Haerazi et al., 2020).One of the productive qualities that students and writers must develop is writing (Hidayat & Jaenudin, 2022).Producing good writing that follows writing norms is the goal of every author or student since it is critical to the success of every student or writer in learning the language.Writing entails expressing a writer's thoughts or feelings in written form (Boyle et al., 2019).Writing is important in the teaching and learning process since it allows the teacher's learning abilities to be evaluated because each student perceives learning differently (Chan, 2019).
The teachers' role in guiding students through the writing process is critical.Teachers work with pupils to help them strengthen their writing strategies.Language education is frequently explicit, so each teacher is accountable for reacting to learners' writing (Bonilla López et al., 2018).Writing is one of the most challenging aspects of learning English in junior high school.First, they believe that writing is unimportant because the teacher merely asks pupils to write the content without explaining why (Aunurrahman et al., 2017).Many students require additional grammar for the second task.Grammar is vital in writing skills because students must be able to employ accurate grammar while generating phrases and developing them into good writing.The third obstacle is the student's limited writing vocabulary.Understanding vocabulary in the essay is critical for assisting students in developing text and supporting their views.
To solve these issues, teachers can employ today's innovative educational media.Teachers are advised to improve the teaching process by incorporating technology to motivate students to learn English (Astrini et al., 2020).One of these is Canva.Canva is a complete design tool that is easy to use and ideal for professionals and amateurs (Klug & Williams, 2016).Canva could be used to encourage learning.It is proven by (Al Khoeri, et al., 2021) inform that Canva is a graphic design application that facilitate students to easily design various types of creative ELT materials online.
Based on pre-observations with English class teacher 8A SMP Negeri 2 Sukodono.It is well known that students' writing skills in English lessons still need to improve, and the teacher's learning model still relies on teacher-centered instruction; the media Canva has never been used.This is demonstrated when researchers examine the instructor's teaching process in class and when the teacher assigns English reading texts to students who need help understanding the meaning of the vocabulary.Based on writing challenges, it is clear that the language acquisition goals are far from what is intended, particularly in English writing skills.
There have been six previous studies related to this study.Canva, as a visual medium, was an excellent platform for learning writing skills in analysis (Noor & Karani, 2023).Students have all they need to develop their writing concepts.Furthermore, students can use Canva as a technology medium to develop their writing skills.Hadi et al. (2021) tell that it is possible to conclude that the Canva Application is a useful tool for assisting pupils in enhancing their writing skills (Hadi et al., 2021).Canva is used in this study to enhance learning activities in writing exercises.Teachers interested in using Canva should be familiar with digital literacy since they must be creative while teaching writing skills to their students.Project-based learning using Canva media to learn English for junior high school could improve students' writing skills (Hasanah, 2022).Students can study writing efficiently and enjoy it without feeling burdened.It is possible because entertaining learning, knowledge exchange, and information may be well understood and retained.
Moreover, Canva has capabilities teachers can use to create learning media (Elsa & Anwar, 2021).Canva helped teachers in the creation of learning materials and enhanced the online teaching experience.Canva application successfully improves learning media, Canva learning media is simple to present to students, and Canva application may assist with technological requirements.According to Ramadhani (2023), they are using Canva to help pupils improve their writing skills.This learning approach assisted students in expressing their ideas, and the media might make it easy for them to write so they would understand.Canva application makes it simple for students to learn guidance and counseling and receive positive feedback, particularly by leveraging students' convenience and level of comprehension in learning (Mulyati et al., 2022).Canva was thought to have helped students be more creative in their English writing (Yundayani, 2019).Students are also compelled to participate in learning through this Canva media, which can boost students' enthusiasm and creativity in the classroom.Students like Canva because of its distinct features and impact on their creativity (Erwin et al., n.d.).They result in students feeling energized with the subject delivered by the instructor.In previous studies, there was a limited number of participants involved.This study presents significant innovations in several key aspects.By involving a larger number of participants compared to previous studies, this research ensures higher statistical power and better generalizability of the findings.The use of an experimental design provides a strong foundation for establishing cause-andeffect relationships between the variables under study.Addressing conflicting findings, this research makes an important contribution in deepening the understanding of the studied phenomenon.Utilizing innovative methodologies or technologies, this research opens up the potential for new discoveries that have not been revealed previously.By expanding the scope or context of previous studies, this research offers a more complete understanding of the factors that influence the phenomenon.As such, it highlights the importance and uniqueness of its contribution to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the field.As digital technology increasingly dominates learning and communication, research on letter card design using Canva is fundamental.This study can provide insight into how Canva's potential as a creative tool can be used in educational settings, bringing students closer to graphic design skills and technology.This study adds points about their favorite features of Canva and the reasons for this.
In this situation, the researcher would present Canva, a popular application these days, to motivate students to use technology to study letter card writing; with Canva, they could design their writing creatively to stimulate the readers' curiosity to read.Writing a letter card requires both writing and creative abilities.Students appreciate this work as they design beautiful cards, and the outcomes are fascinating.This can help students become more motivated to learn.As a result, two research questions can be articulated in this study: 1. Does teaching writing through the Canva application improve students' writing skills in junior high school?2. What are the students' perceptions of Canva application towards their creativity in writing?

METHOD
This research used a quantitative method and was categorized as a true experimental design because this research processes showed cause-and-effect relationship between the variables (the independent variable) and (the dependent variable).Furthermore, this study uses a quantitative descriptive method to describe in detail the results of the study, allowing readers to clearly understand the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable.There are two sorts of authentic experimental design (Soegiyono, 2011).There are two kinds of control group designs: posttest-only control group designs and pre-test-post-test control group designs.The randomized group's pretestposttest control group design was used in this investigation.This design allows researchers to compare the outcomes of two or more groups before and after the implementation of an intervention or treatment.The following is an outline of the research design: There is an explicit critical reflexivity within the research design.Therefore, data gathering and processing require significant thought (Parsons & Knight, 2018).The participants in this study were separated into two groups: experimental and control.The experimental group was to be the sample group that received the therapy, which used Canva as a medium to teach letter card writing, while the control group was to be the group that received traditional media, such as a photograph.The sample is an element of the population and composition (Mujere, 2016).This study's population of focus was eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Sukodono.There were 38 students in the group.The random list picker from the website www.randomlists.comwas used for sampling.The first subject is chosen randomly in systematic random sampling, but the following topics are selected systematically (Rahman et al., 2022).The following are the techniques to apply for random samples with this website: 1. First, open www.randomlists.comand then choose the custom list.2. Second, edit into the first two items, G1 (Group 1) and G2 (Group 2). 3. Third, select the quantity according to the number of classes, which is 38. 4. Fourth, click duplicate and return.5. Finally, the custom random list G1 and G2 with random number sequences 1 to 38.
Data collection instruments can help develop balanced and related groups (Wilkinson & Dokter, 2023).In this study, researchers collected data from both control and experimental groups in the form of student scores in writing letters via pre-tests and post-tests.The following are the steps for gathering data for this study:

Pretest
In this study, the first step in data collection is pretesting.This is completed before the researcher begins the experiment.A Pretest with the same questions was administered to samples from the experimental and control groups.The questions modified by the researcher were taken from the source of the grade 8 students' English book "Wonderful Insight English" because the instrument had already been subject to careful testing and validation.Developing your research instrument requires considerable time, resources, and skills.Existing tools also have tested reliability and validity, ensuring that the data obtained is accurate and reliable.After the pretest, the researcher was collected and analyze the students' scores to find out the students' initial ability to make letter cards.

Treatment
The researcher created letter cards using the Canva application, whereas the control group used the conventional method of creating them.The researcher demonstrated how to use the Canva application.From start to finish, the researcher instructed the students to create letter cards using the Canva tool.As a result, using Canva instills confidence, creativity, and the ability to communicate ideas easily in students.
Write a letter card to your parents that reflects your love, respect, and gratitude.Make the design creative.

Posttest
A posttest was conducted after the researcher completed the treatment.Its purpose was to collect data from students.Specifically, after students received the treatment, a posttest was administered to collect their scores.Scores were assigned to both the experimental and control groups.The results was evaluated using SPSS statistics 26.

Figure 3 Posttest question
The researcher will then treat the control group using the traditional method and the experimental group using Canva tools to letter cards.The researcher should conduct the following procedures to collect data from the experimental group: 1.The teacher first advises the students to write about their prior experiences.
2. The teacher next introduces the application by providing the webpage and instructions for using it.3. Finally, the instructor goes over the app's features and how to use it.4. In the fourth section, the teacher presents instances of the letter card subjects.5. Finally, the teacher instructs pupils to make designs or use templates from the Canva app.
Students can select a design or template that corresponds to the material on the letter card.6.Once students have completed their letter card writing, they should save their work and submit it to Google Forms.
Write a letter to your teacher reflecting your love, respect, and gratitude.Make the design creative.
7. The teacher scores, evaluates, or comments on the writing tasks of the students.
In the end, researchers will study the data from the students' grades to see if there is a significant effect of utilizing the Canva application as a medium in learning to design letter cards for SMP Negeri 2 Sukodono class VIII students.
Furthermore, quantitative descriptive the researchers analyzed the students' perceptions with a questionnaire to investigate the improvement of using Canva in the writing process.A questionnaire with ten questions was used as an instrument in data collection.The data was collected via a survey approach, with respondents being given a designed questionnaire.Respondents were asked to rate themselves on "yes" or "no" scale provided in the questionnaire.In this research, respondents were instructed using Google Forms instructions.Google Forms was used to send all questionnaire items.
In this study, a survey was conducted to explore students' perceptions of Canva as a tool in improving writing skills.Questions were asked in the Google Forms regarding the extent to which Canva can be relied upon to improve writing skills, whether users experience any difficulties in its use, and whether Canva is considered better than other tools or approaches in enriching writing skills.The results of this survey are expected to provide deep insights into the dimensions to which Canva has the potential to enrich students' writing experience.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Two techniques obtained the findings of this research problem: first, through data analysis using SPSS statistics 26, and second, through questionnaires.This study used data analysis to determine students' writing ability using the Canva application and confirmed it with the results of the student questionnaire.Interview results.
In assessing the normality of data in a true experimental test, this study involved a control group and an experimental group as subject groups.The normality test results showed non-normality in the data of both groups.Recognizing this non-normality, the study continued the analysis by applying the Wilcoxon test, a non-parametric approach that is more robust in the face of non-normally distributed data.

Table 2 Normality test
According to the findings of the investigation, the normality test on the pretest and post-test data in Table 2 is not normally distributed because the significant value on the control group pretest data is 0.29.The decision-making framework: 1.If the sig value is more than 0.05, the research data is regularly distributed.2. If the sig value is more than 0.05, the research data is not normally distributed.
The data was processed using the Wilcoxon test after being processed using the normality test, as shown in Table 3.The Wilcoxon test results revealed a substantial difference in posttest score increases between the experimental and control classes.There was a significant rise in positive ratings in the experimental group, indicating a meaningful improvement in posttest results compared to the pretest.The control group, on the other hand, showed no significant change, with positive ranks remaining unchanged between the pretest and posttest.
The table below contains information on the two-tailed asymp sig value as a statistical significance indicator.This value will help us understand how statistically significant the observed difference between the two groups is.According to the analysis results, the Willcoxon test is known as Asymp sig (2-tailed) = 0.000.This indicates that the research hypothesis (Ha) has been accepted.The decision-making framework: 1.The hypothesis is supported if the Asymp sig (2-tailed) value is 0.05.2. The hypothesis is rejected if the Asymp sig (2-tailed) value is more than 0.05.
The researcher discovered a substantial difference between the control and experimental groups based on the findings of this study, suggesting the efficacy of using Canva as a teaching tool in boosting students' writing skills.The confirmed acceptance of the research hypothesis demonstrates Canva's favorable impact on teaching.The statistically substantial improvement in both the control and experimental groups demonstrates that teaching writing using the Canva application increased students' writing performance.
The findings of the above study are also reinforced by statements from the student perception questionnaire indicating that Canva increases students' abilities, particularly in writing classes.From In this section, there are three indicators: usefulness (Canva can be useful in English writing class through its role in practice, helping students understand complex information and focus when using the features available in Canva), ease (Canva as it allows different document formats, designs, and flexibility), and suitability (Canva can provide effective and adequate features to improve students' writing skills).The data's findings is discussed more below.Based on Table 5, the participants believed that Canva can assist students understand difficult information and focus when using the capabilities offered in Canva in English writing class.According to the questionnaire results, 100% of the participants agreed that Canva helped them enhance their writing skills.According to the questionnaire results, 89.5% of the participants had no trouble using Canva for writing skills.The questionnaire results showed that 99.5% of the participants agreed that Canva is a straightforward tool that is superior to other tools or approaches for improving their writing skills.

Table 6 Ease
No Statement of Indicators Yes No 1.Students believed Canva discovered any special strengths that help them improve in writing 100% 0% 2. Students had any difficulties or impediments when utilizing Canva for writing assignment 14.3% 85.7% 3. Students believed Canva made the writing process more fun 100% 0% According to Table 6, the participants believe Canva is simple because it supports many document formats, designs, and flexibility.According to the survey results, 100% of the participants stated that Canva recognized any specific talents that helped them improve and made the writing process more enjoyable.Then, according to the questionnaire findings, 85.7% were appropriate with using Canva for writing projects.Based on Table 7, the participants argued suitability for supporting writing skills.The questionnaire results mentioned that 100% of Canva is appropriate for kids with varied writing skills and recommend Canva to their peers as a beneficial tool for improving writing.Then, the questionnaire results mentioned that 99.7 % of Canvas's practical features assist in writing.
Recent studies on the impact of Canva on English writing proficiency show that this visual media platform has a positive effect.Canva is a dynamic tool for students to improve their writing thoughts effectively (Hadi et al., 2021).This research supports the idea that Canva provides the necessary tools and fosters an engaging atmosphere where students may enhance their writing abilities (Yundayani, 2019).According to the research findings, Canva operates as a catalyst, creating a creative and productive environment to help students improve their English writing abilities.
The consistency discovered across many investigations, such as Noor & Karani (2023); Hasanah (2022), Elsa & Anwar (2021), Ramadhani (2023), andMulyati et al. (2022), is a convincing component of the current research.Each research supports the notion that Canva is a versatile and effective tool for boosting writing skills.Hasanah (2022) emphasis on project-based learning, for example, aligns with (Hadi et al., 2021) claim that Canva is an excellent medium for assisting students in enhancing their writing skills.The findings of Elsa and Anwar (2021) highlight Canva's importance in developing learning materials.This is in accordance with Noor and Karani's (2023) emphasis on the necessity of digital literacy among educators.This cross-study collaboration enhances the overall case for Canva's favourable influence on English writing skills.
By comparing and integrating this research, a more thorough view of Canva's diverse impact on English writing proficiency emerges.The findings show that Canva is excellent at enhancing writing abilities and versatile enough to be used in various educational settings.The subtle insights from these comparisons contribute to establishing a solid foundation for educators and academics wishing to use technology for language learning (Candra et al., 2022).Canva's positive influence extends beyond individual studies, providing a promising avenue for improving English writing skills in various educational settings (Fauziyah et al., 2016).

CONCLUSION
The main conclusions this research showed that using the Canva platform as a teaching tool significantly enhances students' writing skills, with the research hypothesis's validated acceptance highlighting its positive effect on the teaching process.Canva makes it simple to design visually appealing products, allowing for more interactive and immersive learning.The Canva learning process provides students with a creative experience and helps them strengthen their graphic design skills.As a result, incorporating Canva into education is a valuable innovation for increasing learning efficiency and efficacy.Further studies should investigate the long-term impact of using Canva in learning and other implementation tactics that can be optimized for diverse learning environments.
Journal of Research on English and Language Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Table 1
Randomized groups pretest-posttest control groups design O2 : After treatment, the Experimental group was observed C : Control group O3 : Control group observation before no treatment O4 : Control group observation after no treatment

Table 3
Processed data using Wilcoxon Test

Table 7
Suitablility for supporting writing skills