CHILDFREE BY CHOICE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES AND SOCIO-CULTURAL DYNAMICS IN INDONESIA

Authors

  • Humam Balya STIS Darul Falah Pagutan Mataram NTB
  • Zulkarnain STIS Darul Falah Pagutan Mataram NTB

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33474/jas.v7i2.24159

Abstract

The childfree lifestyle has emerged as a controversial phenomenon in Indonesia, particularly among millennials, challenging traditional Islamic values that emphasize procreation and family continuity. This study systematically explores the childfree phenomenon within an Islamic framework, examining its theological permissibility and adoption patterns in Indonesia. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with content analysis, this research systematically reviewed 25 journal articles published between 2018 and 2023, selected through PRISMA guidelines. The analysis reveals that while Islam permits temporary birth control methods such as ‘azl and contraceptives for legitimate needs within maqasid shari'ah (the objectives of Islamic law), the deliberate and permanent decision to be childfree contradicts the principle of hifz al-nasl (protection of progeny). However, some scholars allow childfree in specific contexts involving urgent needs (maslahah daruriyyah). In Indonesia, the adoption of childfree lifestyle is driven by financial concerns (economic instability and high child-rearing costs), personal desires (preservation of marital intimacy and physical appearance), Western liberal ideologies promoting individualism and population control, and psychological factors including various phobias related to pregnancy and parenting. This creates significant tension with traditional Islamic values emphasizing family continuity. This research contributes to the discourse by bridging Islamic teachings and contemporary socio-cultural dynamics, offering guidance for addressing the challenges posed by the childfree phenomenon in Muslim communities while highlighting the need for balanced approaches that consider both religious principles and modern social realities.

Keywords: Childfree, Islamic Perspektif, Practice in Indonesia.

Abstrak

Gaya hidup childfree telah muncul sebagai fenomena kontroversial di Indonesia, khususnya di kalangan milenial, menantang nilai-nilai Islam tradisional yang menekankan prokreasi dan kelangsungan keluarga. Penelitian ini secara sistematis mengeksplorasi fenomena childfree dalam kerangka Islam, mengkaji kebolehan teologisnya dan pola adopsinya di Indonesia. Menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan analisis konten, penelitian ini meninjau secara sistematis 25 artikel jurnal yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 hingga 2023, dipilih menggunakan pedoman PRISMA. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa Islam mengizinkan penggunaan metode pengendalian kelahiran sementara seperti ‘azl dan kontrasepsi untuk kebutuhan yang sah sesuai dengan prinsip maqasid shari'ah (tujuan hukum Islam), namun keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak secara permanen bertentangan dengan prinsip hifz al-nasl (perlindungan keturunan). Meskipun demikian, beberapa ulama memperbolehkan childfree dalam konteks tertentu yang melibatkan kebutuhan mendesak (maslahah daruriyyah). Di Indonesia, adopsi gaya hidup childfree didorong oleh pertimbangan ekonomi (ketidakstabilan ekonomi dan tingginya biaya membesarkan anak), keinginan pribadi (mempertahankan keintiman pernikahan dan penampilan fisik), pengaruh ideologi liberal Barat yang mempromosikan individualisme dan kontrol populasi, serta faktor psikologis termasuk berbagai fobia terkait kehamilan dan pengasuhan anak. Hal ini menimbulkan ketegangan signifikan dengan nilai-nilai Islam tradisional yang menekankan kelangsungan keluarga. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dengan menjembatani ajaran Islam dan dinamika sosial-budaya kontemporer, menawarkan panduan untuk menghadapi tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh fenomena childfree dalam komunitas Muslim sambil menyoroti perlunya pendekatan seimbang yang mempertimbangkan prinsip agama dan realitas sosial modern. 

Kata Kunci: Childfree, Hukum Islam, Praktek di Indonesia.

References

Agrillo, C., & Nelini, C. (2008). Childfree by choice: A review. Journal of Cultural Geography, 25(3), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/08873630802476292

Alimni, A., Amin, A., & Kurniawan, D. A. (2022). The role of Islamic education teachers in fostering students’ emotional intelligence. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(4), 1881–1892. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22116

Alkausar, M. M., & Kusumawati, I. R. (2022). Child-free Lifestyle in Muslim Societies: A Review of Islamic Law and Indonesian Kiai Figures Perspective. Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 8(2), 138–152.

Azizi, A. Q., Imron, A., & Heradhyaksa, B. (2020). Fulfillment of civil rights of extramarital children and its effect on social dimensions. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 20(2), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i2.235-252

Bahar, M. (2022). Marriage Agreement Not to Have Children According to Islamic Law. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 15(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2022-002031

Bensaid, B. (2021a). An Overview of Muslim Spiritual Parenting. In Religions (Vol. 12, Issue 12). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121057

Bensaid, B. (2021b). An overview of muslim spiritual parenting. Religions, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121057

Chrastil, R. (2019). How to Be Childless: A History and Philosophy of Life Without ChildrenA History and Philosophy of Life Without Children. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190918620.001.0001

Dahlan, Moh., Baidlawy, Z., & Sugiono, S. (2019). Gus Dur’s Ijtihād Paradigm of Contemporary Fiqh in Indonesia. Al-Ahkam, 29(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2019.29.2.4193

Daulay, H., Widyarti, E. S., Ismail, R., & Saladin, T. I. (2023). Psychology of newly married couples in Indonesia: Is it possible to choose childfree by choice or face the gossip of society and family? International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 6(4), 1023–1031. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2260

Gouni, O., Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva, G., Kömürcü Akik, B., Holopainen, A., & Calleja-Agius, J. (2022). Childlessness: Concept Analysis. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 19, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031464

Hanandita, T. (2022). Konstruksi Masyarakat Tentang Hidup Tanpa Anak Setelah Menikah. Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.20961/jas.v11i1.56920

Indah, D. N., & Zuhdi, S. (2022). The Childfree Phenomenon in the Perspective of Human Rights and Maqashid Al-Shari’ah. Proceedings of the International Conference on Community Empowerment and Engagement (ICCEE 2021), 661(Iccee 2021), 222–231. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220501.025

Kelley, H. H., Marks, L. D., & Dollahite, D. C. (2020). Uniting and dividing influences of religion in marriage among highly religious couples. In Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 167–177). Educational Publishing Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000262

Meidina, A., & Puspita, M. (2023). Childfree Practices in Indonesia. Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 7(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.21009/hayula.007.01.02

Nasrulloh, N., Amjad, A., Zabadi, A. F., & ... (2021). Phenomenon of Childfree Campaign Hadith Perspective: Hadith Analysis Multiplies Children Using Yusuf Qardhawi’S Hermeneutics. … on Social and …, 1058–1070.

Nurjanah, S., & Nur, I. (2022). Childfree: Between the Sacredness of Religion , Law and the Reality of Society. Al-’Adalah, 19(1), 1–28.

Patnani, M., Takwin, B., & Mansoer, W. W. (2021). Bahagia tanpa anak? Arti penting anak bagi involuntary childless. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 9(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v9i1.14260

Pelu, I. E. A., & Dakhoir, A. (2021). Marital Property Within The Marriage Law A Debate on Legal Position and Actual Applications. Al-Jami’ah, 59(2), 287–316. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.287-316

Pertiwi, F. D., Vinco, M. S. M., & Pertiwi, A. D. (2023). Childfree: Religious Perspective As Cultural Values In Indonesia. Buana Gender, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.22515/bg.v8i1.6605

Sani’atin, A., & Hidayat, R. (2023). Childfree: Household Readiness in The Millennial Generation From The Perspecttive of Islamic Law. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 50(1), 379–397. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v50i1.9897

Saputra, E., & Busyro. (2018). Kawin Maupah: An obligation to get married after talak tiga in the tradition of binjai village in Pasaman district a maqâsid al- Sharî’ah review. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, 6(2), 181–219. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v6i2.3738

Septiana, I. (2022). USHUL FIQIH DIALECTICS ON CHILDFREE IN INDONESIAN SOCIETY. Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian: Media Komunikasi Soaial Keagamaan, 22(2), 180–203.

Soediro, A., & Meutia, I. (2018). Maqasid Sharia As a Performance Framework for Islamic Financial Institutions. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 9(1), 70–86.

Supriatna, E. (2023). Being a Childfree Man in Indonesia: Facing Challenges and Social Stigma in Choosing the Freedom Without Children. Tec Empresarial, 18(1), 254–265.

Syafi, I., Hamidah, T., Yasin, N., & Muhammad, U. (2023). Childfree in Islamic Law Perspective of Nahdlatul Ulama. Al-Ahkam, 33(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2023.33.1.14576

Syarifah, M., & Qotadah, H. A. (2022). Childfree In The Qur’an: Reinterpretation of al-Naḥl Verse 72 With Ma’nā Cum Maghzā Approach. Al-Tahrir, 22(2), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v22i2.5052

Usman, S. Al, Maksudin, M., Nurhadi, N., Thonthowi, T., & Insan Labib, M. A. D. (2023). Childfree and the Position of Children From an Islamic Perspective in Indonesia. Hukum Islam, 23(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.24014/jhi.v1i23.20360

Published

2025-10-30

How to Cite

Humam Balya, & Zulkarnain. (2025). CHILDFREE BY CHOICE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES AND SOCIO-CULTURAL DYNAMICS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS), 7(2), 398–416. https://doi.org/10.33474/jas.v7i2.24159