DISPARITIES IN THE REASONING OF THE ZIHAR PANEL OF JUDGES REGARDING GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DECISIONS BY THE RELIGIOUS COURTS IN INDONESIA

Authors

  • Amiroh Sekolah Tinggi Dirasat Islamiyah Imam Syafi’i Jember
  • Witia Oktaviani Sekolah Tinggi Dirasat Islamiyah Imam Syafi’i Jember

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33474/jas.v8i1.25211

Abstract

Zihar is an Islamic legal concept that has consequences in the form of an obligation to perform expiation, but has not been regulated in Indonesian positive law as a reason for divorce. In religious court practice, zihar appears in a number of cases and creates disparities in the reasoning of the Panel of Judges. This study aims to analyze the position of zihar as a reason for divorce, as well as examine its implications for the legal disparity of the Panel of Judges in deciding divorce cases. This study uses a normative-empirical approach through document studies and interviews with the Panel of Judges, and is analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The results show that the Decisions of the Malang Regency Religious Court Number 1603/Pdt.G/2009, the Mataram Religious Court Number 563/Pdt.G/2018, and the Pematang Siantar Religious Court Number 116/Pdt.G/2019 are guided by Article 19 letter f of the 1975 Government Regulation and Article 116 letter f of the Compilation of Islamic Law, but differ in their legal interpretations. The Malang Regency Religious Court interpreted it grammatically, not qualifying zihar as a legal fact, while the Mataram and Pematang Siantar Religious Courts interpreted it more extensively, making it a reason for disputes. Zihar cannot be the primary reason for divorce, but it can be a reason for divorce if it results in ongoing disputes.

Keywords: Zihar, Divorce, Disparity in Decisions.

DISPARITAS PENALARAN MAJELIS HAKIM ZIHAR SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN: STUDI KOMPARATIF PUTUSAN PENGADILAN AGAMA DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Zihar merupakan konsep hukum Islam yang memiliki konsekuensi berupa kewajiban kafarat, namun belum diatur dalam hukum positif Indonesia sebagai alasan perceraian. Dalam praktik peradilan agama, zihar muncul dalam sejumlah perkara dan menimbulkan disparitas penalaran Majelis Hakim. Penelitian sebelumnya lebih banyak berfokus pada kajian normatif, sedangkan disparitas penafsiran Majelis Hakim zihar sebagai alasan perceraian masih belum dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan zihar sebagai alasan perceraian, serta mengkaji implikasinya terhadap disparitas hukum Majelis Hakim dalam memutus perkara cerai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris melalui studi dokumen dan wawancara Majelis Hakim serta Pakar Hukum Keluarga Islam, serta dianalisis dengan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Pengadilan Agama Malang  Nomor 1603/Pdt.G/2009, Pengadilan Agama Mataram Nomor 563/Pdt.G/2018, dan Pengadilan Agama Pematang Siantar Nomor 116/Pdt.G/2019 berpedoman pada Pasal 19 huruf f Peraturan Pemerintah Tahun 1975 dan Pasal 116 huruf f Kompilasi Hukum Islam, namun berbeda dalam interpretasi hukumnya. Pengadilan Agama Malang menafsirkan secara gramatikal, tidak mengkualifikasikan zihar sebagai fakta hukum, sedangkan Pengadilan Agama Mataram dan Pematang Siantar menafsirkannya secara ekstensif dengan menjadikannya sebagai alasan perselisihan. Zihar tidak dapat menjadi alasan utama perceraian, dan dapat menjadi alasan perceraian apabila mengakibatkan perselisihan terus-menerus. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya disparitas penafsiran akibat kekosongan pengaturan zihar dalam hukum positif Indonesia dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan kajian hukum keluarga Islam dalam praktik peradilan agama.

Kata kunci: Zihar, Perceraian, Disparitas Putusan

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Published

2026-05-30

How to Cite

Amiroh, & Oktaviani, W. (2026). DISPARITIES IN THE REASONING OF THE ZIHAR PANEL OF JUDGES REGARDING GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DECISIONS BY THE RELIGIOUS COURTS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS), 8(1), 16–38. https://doi.org/10.33474/jas.v8i1.25211