Implementation of health silk road as a form of China's health diplomacy initiative in Indonesia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v4i2.15962

Keywords:

HSR, COVID-19, China-Indonesia, OBOR

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the world since the beginning of the first case in Wuhan City, China. It made the international community urge China to take responsibility for the various actions and measures that came from countries affected by the virus. In this regard, China has established a cooperation initiative in health relations through the HSR (Health Silk Road) under the auspices of the OBOR (One Belt One Road) policy. HSR was considered to have a significant effect in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic virus through its health diplomacy approach in several countries, especially countries that have joined the OBOR policy, such as Indonesia. This paper's objective was to determine the role of HSR as a form of China's diplomacy initiative in establishing a health cooperation relationship with Indonesia to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. This writing focused on writing a descriptive non-numeric narrative with secondary data collection techniques. The HSR approach in Indonesia, such as mask diplomacy and vaccine diplomacy, has proven China's success in restoring its image in the international sphere. The delivery of an impressive amount of health assistance and COVID-19 vaccines to Indonesia showed China's seriousness in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.

References

Agustino, L. (2020). Analisis Kebijakan Penanganan Wabah Covid-19: Pengalaman Indonesia. Jurnal Borneo Administrator: Media Pengembangan Paradigma Dan Inovasi Sistem Administrasi Negara, 16(2), 253–270. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v16i2.685

Amiriyandi. (2021). Tahap ke-18, Sebanyak 14 juta Vaksin Sinovac Tiba di Tanah Air. Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. https://covid19.go.id/p/berita/tahap-ke-18-sebanyak-14-juta-vaksin-sinovac-tiba-di-tanah-air

Anjaeni, R. (2020). Bank Dunia memproyeksi ekonomi global bisa minus 5,2% tahun ini. Kontan.Co.Id. https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/bank-dunia-memproyeksi-ekonomi-global-bisa-minus-52-tahun-ini

Apriliyadi, E. K., & Hendrix, T. (2021). Kajian fenomena pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia: Perspektif wacana, pengetahuan dan kekuasaan Foucault. Sorot: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 16(2), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.31258/sorot.16.2.99-117

Arianto, B. (2021). Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Perekonomian Dunia. Jurnal Ekonomi Perjuangan, 2(2), 106–126. https://doi.org/10.36423/jumper.v2i2.665

Asadurrohman, M., Fakhruddin, & Yasin, N. (2021). Metode Cina dalam Mengatasi Covid-19; Analisis dengan Menggunakan Teori The Law of non Transferability of Law. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 8(4), 1023–1036. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v8i4.21081

Calabrese, J. (2022). China’s Health Silk Road and the BRI Agenda in the Middle East. Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/chinas-health-silk-road-and-bri-agenda-middle-east

Cao, J. (2020). Toward a Health Silk Road: China’s Proposal for Global Health Cooperation. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 6(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740020500013

Chow-Bing, N. (2020). COVID-19, Prakarsa Sabuk dan Jalan, dan Jalan Sutra Kesehatan: Implikasi bagi Asia Tenggara. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

CNN Indonesia. (2020a). Ahli: Distribusi Sinovac Tak Sesulit Vaksin Pfizer-Moderna. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20201207141443-199-578923/ahli-distribusi-sinovac-tak-sesulit-vaksin-pfizer-moderna

CNN Indonesia. (2020b). Diplomasi Vaksin dan Strategi China Tingkatkan Pengaruh. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20201210145534-113-580548/diplomasi-vaksin-dan-strategi-china-tingkatkan-pengaruh

Fairdiyanto, M. A., Ilhami, M. M., & Hida, D. S. N. (2021). Diplomasi masker cina dan keterlibatan people’s liberation army. Jurnal Pena Wimaya, 1(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v1i1.4702

Fitriyanti, A. (2017). Indonesia akan bergabung dengan Obor China. Antara News. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/628493/indonesia-akan-bergabung-dengan-obor-china

Gauttam, P., Singh, B., & Kaur, J. (2020). COVID-19 and Chinese Global Health Diplomacy: Geopolitical Opportunity for China’s Hegemony? SAGE Journals, 11(3), 318–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976399620959771

Hong, Y. (2021). How Chinese vaccines are paving the way for China’s Health Silk Road. ThingChina. https://www.thinkchina.sg/how-chinese-vaccines-are-paving-way-chinas-health-silk-road

Huang, Y. (2022). The Health Silk Road: How China Adapts the Belt and Road Initiative to the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Journal of Public Health, 112(4), 567–569. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306647

Ihsanuddin. (2020). Ini Alasan Indonesia Pilih Vaksin Covid-19 dari China Halaman all. Kompas.

Irawan, M. I. K., Rasyid, F., Fauzie, Y., Salsabil, A., & Salsabila, N. (2021). Diplomasi Vaksin: Upaya Cina dalam Menggunakan Vaksin Covid-19 sebagai Alat Soft-Power. TransBorders: International Relations Journal, 5(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/transborders.v5i1.4946

Julita, L. (2020). Luhut Pandjaitan & Diplomasi Vaksin China. CNBC INDONESIA. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20201011083700-37-193430/luhut-pandjaitan-diplomasi-vaksin-china

Klotz, A., & Prakash, D. (2008). Qualitative Methods in International Relations: A Pluralist Guide. Palgrave.

Kominfo. (2021). Pasien Sembuh Dari Covid-19 Menembus Angka 1 Juta Orang. Kominfo (Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika).

Kompas. (2020). Sejumlah Negara Mulai Tuntut China soal Penyebaran Covid-19. Kompas.

Kompas. (2021). Hari Ini dalam Sejarah: WHO Tetapkan Covid-19 sebagai Pandemi Global. Kompas.

Lamont, C., & Boduszynski, M. P. (2015). Research Methods in Politics and International Relations. SAGE Publications Inc.

Makarim, F. R. (2020). Ini Tahapan Pengujian dan Perkembangan Global Vaksin Corona. Halodoc.

Mallapaty, S. (2021). China’s COVID vaccines have been crucial — now immunity is waning. Nature.

Margono, V. T., Irawan, N., Graciella, J., Ivana, V., Calista, P., & Setiawan, K. (2021). Aktivitas Diplomasi Kesehatan Indonesia-Tiongkok di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. SentriS, 3(1), 285–305. https://journal.unpar.ac.id/index.php/Sentris/article/view/5188

Pinandita, A. (2020). China reiterates commitment to help Indonesia win fight against COVID-19. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/04/china-reiterates-commitment-to-help-indonesia-win-fight-against-covid-19.html

Pragiwaka, S. A. A. (2021). Hubungan Internasional di Masa Pandemi: “Mask Diplomacy” China. Indonesia SDGs Summit.

Pramana, E. (2020). Keluar dari WHO, Amerika Serikat Sebut WHO Telah Membuat Dunia Kecewa. Jawa Pos. https://www.jawapos.com/internasional/10/07/2020/keluar-dari-who-amerika-serikat-sebut-who-telah-membuat-dunia-kecewa/

Purnamasari, D. M. (2020). Tangani Covid-19, China Serahkan Bantuan Alat Kesehatan kepada Pemerintah Indonesia. Kompas. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/06/05/19200341/tangani-covid-19-china-serahkan-bantuan-alat-kesehatan-kepada-pemerintah

Rolland, N. (2020). China’s Pandemic Power Play. Journal of Democracy, 31(3), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2020.0043

Rosana, F. C. (2020). Kerja Sama Vaksin dengan Sinovac, Erick Thohir: Bio Farma Bukan Tukang Jahit. Tempo. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1377943/kerja-sama-vaksin-dengan-sinovac-erick-thohir-bio-farma-bukan-tukang-jahit

Sasongko, D. (2021). Indonesia Serukan Kerja Sama Kesehatan dan Pemulihan Ekonomi. SindoNews.Com. https://international.sindonews.com/komentar/405758/40/indonesia-serukan-kerja-sama-kesehatan-dan-pemulihan-ekonomi-1619100275

Sebayang, R. (2020). Dituntut 90 Ribu T Gegara Corona, Ini Jawaban China ke AS. CNBC INDONESIA. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200422083748-4-153543/dituntut-90-ribu-t-gegara-corona-ini-jawaban-china-ke-as

Setiawan, A., Affianty, D., & Tanjung, N. F. (2022). Upaya Diplomasi Vaksin Indonesia melalui Jalur Multilateral dan Bilateral. INDEPENDEN Jurnal Politik Indonesia Dan Global, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24853/independen.3.1.1-14

ShareAmerica. (2020). AS Adalah Donatur Terbesar di Dunia dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat Global. ShareAmerica. https://share.america.gov/id/as-adalah-donatur-terbesar-di-dunia-dalam-kesehatan-masyarakat-global/

Sinaga, L. C. (2013). Hubungan Indonesia-Cina dalam dinamika politik, pertahanan-keamanan, dan ekonomi di Asia Tenggara: Perspektif Indonesia. LIPI Press.

The Global Fund. (2020). The Global Fund COVID-19 Situation Report #19 - 30 June 2020. Reliefweb.

Yamali, F. R., & Putri, R. N. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Ekonomi Indonesia. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 4(2), 384–388. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v4i2.179

Yip, B., & Perasso, V. (2021). Asal Covid-19: Apakah kita perlu tahu dari mana asal virus corona ini? BBC World Service.

Downloads

Published

2022-10-07

How to Cite

Afghani, K. A., & Nuryananda, P. F. (2022). Implementation of health silk road as a form of China’s health diplomacy initiative in Indonesia. Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik (JISoP), 4(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v4i2.15962