PENINGKATAN KINERJA TURBIN PELTON MELALUI VARIASI BERAT ROTOR PADA SISTEM ENERGI MIKROHIDRO

Dian Julianto Wahyudi; Johan Wayan Dika

doi:10.33474/rme.v5i1.23619

Authors

Dian Julianto Wahyudi Universitas Negeri Malang
Johan Wayan Dika Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33474/rme.v5i1.23619

Keywords:

Turbin Pelton, Efisiensi Rotor, Sistem Mikrohidro, Variasi Berat Rotor, Daya Keluaran

Abstract

Turbin Pelton merupakan salah satu jenis pembangkit energi yang memanfaatkan potensi energi dari perbedaan ketinggian aliran air. Teknologi ini dapat berperan sebagai alternatif sumber energi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan daya. Untuk mengoptimalkan performanya, salah satu aspek penting yang perlu dianalisis adalah dimensi dan bobot runner turbin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi massa rotor terhadap daya keluaran dan efisiensi turbin Pelton, guna menentukan konfigurasi bobot yang paling optimal. Metode penelitian mencakup pengumpulan data eksperimental dari tiga variasi bobot rotor, yaitu 50%, 75%, dan 100%, dengan dua kondisi debit air (discharge) yang diatur melalui bukaan katup penuh dan setengah. Perhitungan daya dan efisiensi dilakukan berdasarkan parameter gaya, kecepatan rotasi, tekanan, serta laju aliran air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi bobot rotor secara signifikan mempengaruhi daya dan efisiensi turbin. Daya maksimum sebesar 12,449-watt dicapai pada bobot 100% dengan katup terbuka penuh, sementara daya minimum sebesar 8,101-watt terjadi pada bobot 50% dengan bukaan katup setengah. Efisiensi tertinggi tercatat sebesar 52% pada bobot 100% dengan bukaan katup setengah, sedangkan efisiensi terendah sebesar 26,8% diperoleh pada bobot 50% dengan katup terbuka penuh.

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