Ontologi Sebagai Konsep Keberadaan Dalam Filsafat Islam dan Barat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33474/an-natiq.v5i2.23928Keywords:
Ontology, Western Philosophy, Islami PhilosophyAbstract
The concept of “reality” continues to undergo reinterpretation in accordance with the changing times and cultural contexts. The aim of this study is to present a conceptual understanding of ontology as a central branch of philosophy by analyzing the differences and similarities in the views of philosophers from various eras and traditions regarding the nature of existence, as well as to identify paradigm shifts in ontological thought across thinkers and historical periods. This research employs a historical-philosophical method. The results show that (1) ontology in Western philosophy centers on the understanding of both ideal and physical reality; (2) ontology in Islamic philosophy explains the nature of existence with a focus on the essence of God and the universe; (3) ontological thought in Western and Islamic philosophy shares common ground in understanding fundamental meaning, the hierarchy of existence, ultimate purpose, and the use of reason to comprehend reality. While the two perspectives differ in method and epistemological framework, they converge in their basic understanding of meaning, the hierarchy of being, purpose, and the use of reason as a tool to grasp reality. Therefore, cross-traditional studies of ontology not only enrich philosophical understanding but also show that the integration of rational approaches, spiritual intuition, and existential experience can open new pathways for developing a more inclusive and transdisciplinary metaphysics
References
Achruch, A. A. P., Kamal, K., Afifuddin, A., & Nurchamidah, N. (2023). Understanding human nature in the view of Islamic educational philosophy. Al-Afkar: Journal for Islamic Studies, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v6i4.780
Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation (S. F. Glaser, Trans.). University of Michigan Press.
Bouhafa, F. (2021). The dialectics of ethics: Moral ontology and epistemology in Islamic philosophy. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 21(2), 25–42.
Copleston, F. (2003). A history of philosophy: Greece and Rome (Vol. 1). A&C Black.
Derrida, J. (2001). Writing and difference. Routledge.
Dona, R., & Aprison, W. (2024). Ontologi dalam pendidikan Islam. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(1), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i1.453
Donatus, S. K. (2019). Relasionalitas filsafat fondasi interpretasi: Aku, teks, liyan, fenomen. Studia Philosophica et Theologica, 19(1), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.35312/spet.v19i1.179
Faiq, M., & Farhan, I. (2023). Mullā Ṣadrā’s ontology: The fundamentality of existence over essence. KACA: Jurnal Dialogis Ilmu Ushuluddin, 13(2), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.36781/kaca.v13i2.476
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). Harper & Row.
Husaini, A. (2020). Filsafat ilmu: Perspektif Barat dan Islam. Gema Insani.
Kalin, I. (2010). Knowledge in later Islamic philosophy: Mulla Sadra on existence, intellect, and intuition. Oxford University Press.
Kamal, M. (2019). Existence and essence in Mulla Sadra’s ontology. Philosophy Study, 9(7), 560–567.
Kartanegara, M. (2002). Menembus batas waktu: Panorama filsafat Islam. Mizan.
Leaman, O. (2002). An introduction to classical Islamic philosophy (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Malla, C. D., & Manik, R. P. (2023). Kajian filsafat ontologi Martin Heidegger atas peran musik dan nyanyian liturgi bagi perkembangan hidup umat beriman. Media: Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.53396/media.v4i1.139
Mufid, F. (2013). Perkembangan ontologi dalam filsafat Islam. Jurnal Penelitian, 7(2).
Mulla Sadra. (2010). The philosophy of the four journeys (Al-Asfar al-Arba‘ah) (I. Kalin, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
Muslih, M. (2021). Filsafat ilmu: Kajian atas asumsi dasar, paradigma, dan kerangka teori ilmu pengetahuan. LESFI.
Muthahhari, M. (2002). Filsafat hikmah: Pengantar pemikiran Shadra (Tim Penerjemah Mizan, Trans.). Mizan.
Nasr, S. H. (1989). Knowledge and the sacred. State University of New York Press.
Nasr, S. H. (1993). An introduction to Islamic cosmological doctrines. State University of New York Press.
Nurasa, A., Natsir, N. F., & Haryanti, E. (2022). Tinjauan kritis terhadap ontologi ilmu (hakikat realitas) dalam perspektif sains modern. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1).
Payam Noor University. (2018). Ontological consequences and conclusions of Mulla Sadra’s theory of Wujudi Rabiti Ma‘lul. Philosophia Wafa Quarterly, 10(35), 41–55.
Quine, W. V. O. (1980). From a logical point of view: Nine logico-philosophical essays. Harvard University Press.
Riyanto, A. (2013). Menjadi-mencintai: Berfilsafat teologis sehari-hari. Kanisius.
Sholeh, M. I., et al. (2023). Philosophical insights on al-Wujud by Mulla Sadra in the context of Islamic philosophy. Tamadduna: Jurnal Peradaban, 1(2), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.29313/tamadduna.v1i2.4870
Suhartono, S. (2008). Filsafat ilmu pengetahuan: Persoalan eksistensi dan hakikat ilmu pengetahuan. Ar-Ruzz Media.
van Inwagen, P. (2009). Being, existence, and ontological commitment. In D. Chalmers, D. Manley, & R. Wasserman (Eds.), Metametaphysics: New essays on the foundations of ontology. Oxford University Press.
Varlık, S. (2024). Heidegger and Islamic thought: Christian origin of Sorge and experience–reason difference. Temasa: Journal of Philosophy, 1(1), 110–122. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1457687
Wippel, J. F. (2000). The metaphysical thought of Thomas Aquinas: From finite being to uncreated being. CUA Press.
Yazdi, M. H. (2003). Menghadirkan cahaya Tuhan: Epistemologi iluminasionis dalam filsafat Islam (A. Muhammad, Trans.). Mizan.
Zed, M. (2014). Metode penelitian kepustakaan. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yusuf Ridhofi, Achmad Khudori Soleh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
