DIMENSI PENGURANGAN PRASANGKA DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33474/multikultural.v5i1.10319Abstract
Â
Pengurangan prasangka (prejudice reduction) merupakan salah satu dimensi pendidikan multikultural. Multikultural sesungguhnya mengenali keragaman di sekitar individu agar dapat memahami suatu perbedaan sebagai sunatullah. Perbedaan memiliki peran penyeimbang yang baik dalam kehidupan, manakala setiap individu dapat menerimanya berdasarkan fitrahnya. Multikultural beragama didasarkan pada nilai-nilai universal yang diakui dan dianut oleh setiap pemeluk agama. Nilai-nilai tersebut membentuk pola hubungan yang harmonis dan humanis antar umat seagama maupun antar umat beragama. Keberagaman harus dirawat dan dijaga agar tidak memunculkan konflik sosial. Terjadinya konflik sosial disebabkan banyak faktor, diantaranya ketidakadilan, kesenjangan sosial, maupun adanya kecurigaan (prasangka buruk) terhadap orang lain. Prasangka buruk (سوء الظن) dapat memicu dan menimbulkan disharmoni relasi sosial. Membangun dan menciptakan lingkungan yang harmonis, toleran, humanis, dan demokratis diperlukan keseimbangan olah pikir, olah rasa, dan olah hati.
Kata kunci: dimensi, prasangka, pendidikan agama Islam
Â
Prejudice reduction is one of the dimensions of multicultural education. Multiculturalism actually recognizes the diversity around individuals in order to understand a difference as sunatullah. Difference has a good balancing role in life, when each individual can accept it based on their nature. Religious multiculturalism is based on universal values that are recognized and embraced by every religious adherent. These values form a pattern of harmonious and humanist relationships between people of the same faith and between religious communities. Diversity must be cared for and maintained so as not to create social conflicts. The occurrence of social conflicts is caused by many factors, including injustice, social inequality, and suspicion (prejudice) against others. Bad prejudice (سوء الظن) can trigger and cause disharmony in social relations. Building and creating a harmonious, tolerant, humanist, and democratic environment requires a balance of thought, feeling, and heart.
Keywords: dimensions, prejudice, Islamic religious education
References
Abduh, Muhammad, and Muhammad Rasyid Ridha. Tafsir Al-Manar, Juz II. Cet. II. Qahirah: Dar al-Manar, 1947.
Abu Zahrah, Muhammad. Zahrah Al-Tafasir. Qahirah: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, 1987.
Allport, G. W. The Nature of Prejudice. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1954.
Amrullah, Haji Abdulmalik Abdulkarim. Tafsir Al-Azhar, Jilid I. Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 1982.
Anderson, Kristin J. Benign Bigotry: The Psychology of Subtle Prejudice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Augoustinos, Martha, and Katherin J. Reynold. Understanding Prejudice, Racism, and Social Conflict. London: Sage Publication Inc, 2001.
Baghdadi, Shihab al-Din al-Sayid Mahmud al-Alusi al-. Ruh Al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim Wa Al-Sab’i Al-Matsani, Juz II. Beirut-Libanon: Dar Ihya al-Turats al-’Arabi, n.d.
Banks, James A. The Routledge International Companion to Multicultural Education. New York: Routledge, 2009.
Banks, James A., and Cherry A. McGee Banks. Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives. 7th ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.
Brown, Rupert. Prejudice: Its Social Psychology. 2nd. ed. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2010.
Bukhari, Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Isma’il bin Ibrahim bin al-Mughirah al-Ja’fi al-. Shahih Bukhari: Al-Jami’ Al-Musnad Al-Shahih, Juz I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar al-Ta’shil, 2012.
Dimyati, Abu Bakar bin Muhammad Syatha al-. Kifayah Al-Atqiya’ Wa Minhaj Al-Ashfiya’. Surabaya: al-Hidayah, .
Fauzan, Abdullah bin Shalih al-. Minhah Al-’Allam Fi Syarh Bulugh Al-Maram, Juz X. Cet. I. Qahirah: Dar Ibn al-Jauzy, 1432.
Ghazali, al-Imam Abi Hamid bin Muhammad bin Muhammad al-. Ihya’ Ulum Al-Diin, Juz II. Bi Qalam Badawi Thabanah. Semarang: Karya Toha Putra, n.d.
Goffee, Robert, and Gareth Jones. Why Should Anyone Work Here?: What It Takes to Create an Authentic Organization. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015.
Grant, Carl A., and Christine Sleeter. Doing Multicultural Education for Achievement and Equity. USA: Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
Haitsami, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Abi Bakr bin Sulaiman al-Syafi’i Nur al-Din al-. Majma’u Al-Zawaid Wa Manba’u Al-Fawaid, Juz XVI. Tahqiq wa Takhrij Husein Salim Asad al-Darani, Cet. I. Jeddah: Dar al-Minhaj, 2015.
Harding, J. Proshansky, H.M. Kuter B., and Chein. “Prejudice and Ethnic Relations.†Reading MA; Addison Wesley, The Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol.5 (1969): 1–76.
Hasani, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin ’Ajibah al-. Iqadh Al-Himam Fii Syarh Al-Hikam. Taqdim wa Muraja’ah Muhammad Ahmad Hasabullah. Kairo: Dar al-Ma’arif, n.d.
Ibn Jama’ah, al-Imam al-Qadhi Badruddin Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Sa’dillah. Tadzkirah Al-Sami’ Wa Al-Mutakallim Fii Adab Al-’Alim Wa Al-Muta’alim. I’tana bihi Muhammad bin Mahdi al-’Azmy, Cet. III. Beirut-Libanon: Dar al-Basyair al-Islamiyah, 2012.
Ibnu Hajar al-’Asqalani, al-Imam al-Hafidz Ahmad bin ’Ali. Bulugh Al-Maram Min Adillah Al-Ahkam. Haqqaqah wa Syarahah wa ’Allaqa ’alaih Syeikh Usamah Shalahuddin, Cet. I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar Ihya al-Ulum, 1991.
Ibnu Katsir, al-Hafidz. Umdah Al-Tafsir, Juz I. Tahqiq Ahmad Syakir, Cet. II. Dar al-Wafa, 2005.
Ibnu Taimiyah, Abi al-Abbas Ahmad bin Abd al-Halim. Fashl Fii Tazkiyah Al-Nafs. I’tana bih Fawwaz Muhammad al-’Audhi, Ct. I. Kuwait: Maktabah al-Nahj al-Wadhih, 2018.
———. Tazkiyah Al-Nafs. Dirasah wa Tahqiq Muhammad bin Said bin Salim al-Qahthani, Cet. I. Riyadh: Dar al-Muslim, 1994.
Jauzi, Abu al-Faraj Jamal al-Din bin Abdurrahman bin Ali bin Muhammad al-. Zad Al-Masir Fi Ilm Al-Tafsir. Cet. I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar Ibnu Hazm, 2002.
Jumbangi, al-Syeikh Muhammad Hasyim al-Asy’ari al-. Adab Al-’Alim Wa Al-Muta’allim. Cet. I. Jombang: Maktabah al-Turats al-Islami, 1415.
Kite, Mary E., and Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination. 3rd. ed. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Kurdi, Muhammad Amin al-. Tanwir Al-Qulub Fi Mu’amalah Allam Al-Ghuyub. Taqdim Abdullah Mas’ud, Cet. I. Suriah: Dar al-Qalam al-Arabi, 1991.
Madani, Muhammad Hayah al-Sindi al-. Syarh Al-Hikam Al-Athaiyah. Tahqiq Nizar Hamadi, Cet. I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar Maktabah al-Ma’arif, 2010.
Maksum, Ali, and Luluk Yunan Ruhendi. Paradigma Pendidikan Universal. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2004.
Maraghi, Ahmad Musthafa al-. Tafsir Al-Maraghi, Juz II. Cet. I. Kairo: Musthafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi, 1946.
Mulkhan, Abdul Munir. Kesalehan Multikultural: Ber-Islam Secara Autentik-Kontekstual Di Aras Peradaban Global. Jakarta: PSAP Muhammadiyah, 2005.
Nawawi al-Jawi, al-Allamah al-Syeikh Muhammad bin Umar. Marah Labid Li Kasyf Ma’na Al-Qur’an Al-Majid, Juz I. Dhabathahu wa Shahahu wa Wadha’a Hawasyih Muhammad Amiin al-Dhanawi, Cet. I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiah, 1997.
Nidi, Muhammad Khalil al-Khatib al-. Kasyf Al-Ghitha’: Syarh Wa Tartib Wa Nadhm Hikam Sayyidi Ahmad Bin Athailah Al-Sakandari. Dar al-Basyirah li al-Tsaqafah wa al-Ulum, n.d.
Qardhawi, Yusuf. Al-Qur’an Berbicara Tentang Akal Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan. "al-’Aql wa al-Ilm fii al-Qur’an al-Karim", terj. Abdul Hayyi al-Khattani, Irfan Salim, dan Sochimien, Cet. I. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 1998.
Qardhawi, Yusuf al-. Al-Aql Wa Al-Ilm Fi Al-Qur’an Al-Karim. Cet. I. Qahirah: Maktabah Wahbah, 1996.
Qasimi, Muhammad Jamal al-Din al-. Mahasin Al-Ta’wil. Cet. I. Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyah, 1957.
Razi, Muhammad Fakhr al-Din al-. Tafsir Al-Fakhr Al-Razi, Juz IV. Cet. I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar al-Fikr, 1981.
Rumi, Yaqut al-Hamawi al-. Mu’jam Al-Udaba’: Irsyad Al-Arib Ila Ma’rifah Al-Adib. Tahqiq Ihsan Abbas, Cet. I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 1993.
Rundi, Ibnu ’Abbad al-Naffazi al-. Al-Hikam Al-’Athai’iyah Li Ibn ’Athaillah Al-Sakandari. I’dad wa Dirasah Muhammad Abd al-Maqshud Haikal, Cet. I. Qahirah: Mu’asasah al-Ahram, 1988.
———. Syarh Al-Hikam Ala Matn Al-Hikam Li Imam Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abdil Karim Ibn Atha’illah Al-Sakandari, n.d.
Sandel, Adam Adatto. The Place of Prejudice: A Case for Reasoning Within The World. USA: Harvard University Press, 2014.
Sunandar, Asep (ed). Prof. Son Sang Pendidik Multikultural. Cet. I. Malang: Intelegensia Media, 2015.
Suryana, Yaya, and A. Rusdiana. Pendidikan Multikultural: Suatu Upaya Penguasaan Jati Diri Bangsa, Konsep, Prinsip, Implementasi. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2015.
Taguieff, Pierre-André. The Force of Prejudice: On Racism and Its Doubles. Translated and edited by Hassan Melehy. London: The University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
Tamar, Muhammad Muhammad. Muqaddimah Al-Imam Al-Nawawi: Li Kitab Al-Majmu’ Syarh Al-Muhadzab. Cet. I. Kairo: Maktabah al-Balad al-Amiin, 1999.
Thabari, Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir al-. Tafsir Al-Thabari: Jami’ Al-Bayan ’an Ta’wil Ai Al-Qur’an, Juz II. Tahqiq Abdullah bin Abd al-Muhsin al-Turki, Cet. I. Qahirah: Markaz al-Buhuts wa al-Dirasat al-Arabiyah wa al-Islamiyah, 2001.
Thibi, Saraf al-Din al-Husein bin Abdillah al-. Futuh Al-Ghaib Fi Al-Kasyf an Qina’ Al-Raib, Juz III. Tahqiq Umar Hasan al-Qiyam, Cet. I. Dubai: al-Imarat al-Arabiyah al-Muttahidah, 2013.
Tsalabi, Abu Ishaq Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim al-. Al-Kasyf Wa Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an, Juz I. Tahqiq Sayyid Kasrawi Hasan, Cet. I. Beirut-Libanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiah, 2004.
Ulaimi, Mujir al-Din bin Muhammad al-’. Fath Al-Rahman Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an, Juz I. Tahqiq wa Takhrij Nuruddin Thalib, Cet. I. Beirut: Dar al-Nawadir, 2009.
Utsaimin, Muhammad bin Shalih al-’. Fath Dzi Al-Jalal Wa Al-Ikram Bi Syarh Bulugh Al-Maram, Juz VI. Tahqiq wa Ta’liq Shubhi bin Muhammad Ramadhan wa Ummu Isra’ binti Arafah Baiyumi, Cet. I. Qahirah: al-Maktabah al-Islamiyah, 2006.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Jurnal PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL yang diterbitkan oleh Doktor PAI Multikultural Program Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang menerapkan ketentuan Hak Cipta dan Lisensi dibawah Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.png)
_-_Copy1.jpg)
