Socialization of uti possidetis juris principles and socio-economic approaches to eliminate separatism in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v7i1.23399Keywords:
uti possidetis juris, separatist, socio-economic, IndonesiaAbstract
This study discusses the strategy to overcome the ideology of separatism in Indonesia through the integration of the principle of the Pacidetic Uti juris and the socio-economic approach. The threat of separatism, especially in Papua, remains a serious challenge for national integration. Development inequality, limited economic access, and marginalization narratives become a strong trigger for the growth of disintegration sentiment in the region. The principle of Uti is the posidetic of Juris, which confirms the validity of the boundaries since the decolonization period and provides an international legal basis to strengthen the claims of Indonesia's sovereignty over Papua. On the other hand, sustainable socio-economic policies are believed to be able to reduce the roots of separatism. This study uses mixed methods: qualitative data using NVivo 12 software and quantitative data using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The results showed that the synergy between inclusive development strategies and the socialization of the principles of Uti Pacidetic Juris as international law could strengthen the sense of nationality and reduce the interest in separatist ideology, especially in Papua. The novelty of this study lies in the integrative approach between juridical and social aspects that have been rarely integrated. The limitations of this study lie in the extent of the scope of the area being analyzed. Further research is advised to explore the implementation of this strategy at the local community level in Papua to test its effectiveness in the long run as part of the national security strategy.
References
Anandari, A. A., & Supriyadi, A. A. (2023). Strategic Leadership to Deal with the Separatism Movement in Papua. Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi Ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan Yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity, 9(1), 72–91. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i1.1834
Ananta, A., Utami, D. R. W. W., & Handayani, N. B. (2016). Statistics on Ethnic Diversity in the Land of Papua, Indonesia. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), 458–474. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.143
Bhuvaneshwari, S., Hettiarachchi, H., & Meegoda, J. N. (2019). Crop residue burning in India: policy challenges and potential solutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(5), 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050832
Butt, A. I. (2017). Secession and security: Explaining state strategy against separatists. Cornell University Press.
Caselli, F., & Tesei, A. (2016). Resource windfalls, political regimes, and political stability. Review of Economics and Statistics, 98(3), 573–590. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00538
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Penelitian kualitatif dan design riset (3rd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.
Cumming, T. L., Shackleton, R. T., Förster, J., Dini, J., Khan, A., Gumula, M., & Kubiszewski, I. (2017). Achieving the national development agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through investment in ecological infrastructure: A case study of South Africa. Ecosystem Services, 27(8), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.05.005
Dhakal, K. (2022). NVivo. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 110(2), 270–272. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1271
Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-135
Fernando, Z. J., Pujiyono, Rozah, U., & Rochaeti, N. (2022). The freedom of expression in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2103944
Gerring, J. (2017). Qualitative methods. Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 15–36. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-092415-024158
Hanson, K. (2021). Live and let live: Explaining long-term truces in separatist conflicts. International Peacekeeping, 28(3), 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2020.1829487
Hanushek, E. A. (2013). Economic growth in developing countries: The role of human capital. Economics of Education Review, 37, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.04.005
Harsono, I., Sutanto, H., Purwadinata, S., Astuti, E., Wafik, A. Z., Ekonomi, F., & Bisnis, D. (2024). The Effect of Economic Factors, Health Conditions, and Access to Education on Social Inequality and Poverty in West Papua. West Science Social and Humanities Studies, 2(1), 174–181. https://doi.org//10.58812/wsshs.v2i01.624
Herlina, N., Sofianto, K., & Falah, M. (2023). The March 1st, 1949, general attack: A defining point of recognition of Indonesia’s Sovereignty. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2232566
Joseph, C., Gunawan, J., Madi, N., Janggu, T., Rahmat, M., & Mohamed, N. (2019). Realising sustainable development goals via online integrity framework disclosure: Evidence from Malaysian and Indonesian local authorities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.057
Kadagi, N. I., Okafor-Yarwood, I., Glaser, S., & Lien, Z. (2020). Joint management of shared resources as an alternative approach for addressing maritime boundary disputes: the Kenya-Somalia maritime boundary dispute. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 16(3), 348–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2020.1823169
Koschinsky, A., Heinrich, L., Boehnke, K., Cohrs, J. C., Markus, T., Shani, M., Singh, P., Smith Stegen, K., & Werner, W. (2018). Deep‐sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 14(6), 672–691. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4071
Kuitenbrouwer, V. (2016). Beyond the ‘Trauma of Decolonisation’: Dutch Cultural Diplomacy during the West New Guinea Question (1950–62). Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 44(2), 306–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2016.1175736
Lawson, S. (2016). West Papua, Indonesia and the Melanesian Spearhead Group: competing logics in regional and international politics. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 70(5), 506–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2015.1119231
Lele, G. (2023). Asymmetric decentralization, accommodation and separatist conflict: lessons from Aceh and Papua, Indonesia. Territory, Politics, Governance, 11(5), 972–990. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2021.1875036
Li, Y., & Zheng, A. (2023). State-building and internal colonialism: A case study of the separatism in Aceh and West Papua, Indonesia. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan & Politik, 36(4), 462–474. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V36I42023.462-474
Lubis, A. F. (2024). Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 Tentang Pertahanan Negara Dalam Menghadapi Gangguan Militer. Jurnal Begawan Hukum (JBH), 2(1), 310–319. https://journal.unisan.ac.id/index.php/JBH/article/view/109
Malchrzak, W., Babicki, M., Pokorna-Kałwak, D., Doniec, Z., & Mastalerz-Migas, A. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccination and Ukrainian Refugees in Poland during Russian–Ukrainian War—Narrative Review. Vaccines, 10(6), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060955
Mashuri, A., & van Leeuwen, E. (2018). Predicting Support for Reconciliation in Separatist Conflict. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(2), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217733076
McKim, C. A. (2017). The value of mixed methods research: A mixed methods study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 11(2), 202–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689815607096
Medvedev, N. P., Slizovskiy, D. E., Jawad, H., Madingue, R., & Hoang Oanh, N. T. (2020). Political Extremism and Separatism: Brief Review and Analysis of Studies. Journal of Politics and Law, 13(2), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p144
Michener, C. D., & Sokal, R. R. (1957). A quantitative approach to a problem in classification. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, 11(2), 130–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02884.x
Mlksoo, L. (2021). Post-Soviet Eurasia, Uti Possidetis and the Clash Between Universal and Russian-Led Regional Understandings of International Law. August.
Poduval, P. S., Pramod, V. R., & VP, J. R. (2015). Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and its application in analyzing factors inhibiting implementation of total productive maintenance (TPM). International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 32(3), 308–331. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-06-2013-0090
Qin, Y. (2023). Grassroots governance and social development: theoretical and comparative legal aspects. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01830-8
Rahim, A. S., & Cempaka Timur, F. G. (2021). Status United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP) dalam Hukum Internasional terhadap Kedaulatan Indonesia. Interdependence Journal of International Studies, 2(1), 11–30. https://doi.org/10.54144/ijis.v2i1.43
Rahmadhani, N., Anh, N. T., & Suryaningtias, A. M. (2024). Indonesia’s defense of sebatik island in a border dispute based on the principle of uti possidetis. Sriwijaya Crimen Legal Studies (SCLS), 2(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.28946/scls.v2i1.3566
Robie, D. (2017). Tanah Papua, Asia-Pacific news blind spots and citizen media. Pacific Journalism Review, 23(2), 159–178. https://doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i2.334
Ruhyanto, A. (2016). The perils of prosperity approach in Papua. Peace Review, 28(4), 490–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2016.1237126
Ruhyanto, A. (2021). Building state legitimacy through territorial reform: Pemekaran in Papua Indonesia. University of Birmingham.
Sarvananthan, M. (2018). “Terrorism” or “Liberation”? Towards a distinction: A case study of the armed struggle of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Perspectives on Terrorism, 12(2), 1–18. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3172218
Setiawan, H., Widiono, G. W., & Hikmah, G. (2023). The Formation of the New Autonomous Region of Papua and Welfare Guarantees in the Decentralization Policy. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 19(3), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v19i3.1181
Skavronskaya, L., Moyle, B., & Scott, N. (2020). The Experience of Novelty and the Novelty of Experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(February). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00322
Sorooshian, S., Tavana, M., & Ribeiro-Navarrete, S. (2023). From classical interpretive structural modeling to total interpretive structural modeling and beyond: A half-century of business research. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113642
Stockemer, D., Stockemer, G., & Glaeser, J. (2019). Quantitative methods for the social sciences (Vol. 50). Springer.
Sugiyono. (2015). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sunyowati, D., Adam, H., & Vinata, R. T. (2019). The Principles of Uti Possidetis Juris As an Alternative to Settlement Determination of Territorial Limits in the Oecusse Sacred Area (Study of the NKRI and RDTL Boundaries). Yuridika, 34(2), 279–302. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v34i2.12640
Taliawo, R. G., Subekti, V. S., & Pasha, J. A. (2023). Resisting Without Violence: Knpb and Transnational Advocacy Network Towards West Papua Referendum. International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 19(2), 109–129. https://doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2023.19.2.5
Tan, T., Chen, K., Xue, F., & Lu, W. (2019). Barriers to Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation in China’s prefabricated construction: An interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, 949–959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.141
Tandamat, N. (2022). Application of the United Nations Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes: The Case of West Papua.
Tzimas, T. (2024). ‘Uti possidetis’ and the Armed Conflict in Ukraine. Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Review, 2(1), 70–120. https://lawjournals.unic.ac.cy/index.php/bsemr/article/view/82
Wangge, H. R., & Lawson, S. (2023). The West Papua issue in Pacific regional politics: explaining Indonesia’s foreign policy failure. Pacific Review, 36(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2021.1931417
Westad, O. A. (2017). The Cold War : A World History. Allen Lane.
Wijaya, D. W., & Thio, R. (2024). Legal Standing Reform in Constitutional Adjudication: Reconciling Foreign Nationals’ Rights with Constitutional Protection in Indonesia. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum, 24(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v24i1.5788
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Faonaso Harefa, Cecilia F. Harsono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.
_-_Copy.jpg)
