The Influence of Accessibility on Vehicle Trip-Generation and Trip-Attraction at Higher Education Institutions in Tulungagung Regency

Abstract

The rapid development of higher education institutions in Tulungagung Regency has led to an increase in student mobility, resulting in traffic congestion around campus areas. This study aims to rigorously examine the extent to which accessibility influences vehicle trip generation and attraction, with accessibility measured through travel distance, public transportation availability, road conditions, and travel costs. Data were obtained from 650 students selected proportionally from three universities and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results indicate that accessibility has a strong, positive, and significant effect on trip generation and trip attraction (β = 0.752, p < 0.001), accounting for 56.6% of the variation in travel patterns. All indicators meet the validity and reliability criteria. These findings suggest that improved accessibility enhances mobility intensity in areas surrounding higher education institutions. The study concludes that strategic improvements in public transportation, road infrastructure, and travel cost management are crucial to reducing congestion and promoting sustainable mobility. The contribution of this research lies in providing empirical evidence on the relationship between accessibility and travel behavior within higher education areas, offering policymakers practical insights for designing effective transportation plans.

Keywords: Accessibility; Trip Generation; Trip Attraction; PLS-SEM; Higher Education; Transportation Planning.