Legal Frameworks for Early Bullying Surveys on Children: A Comparison Between Indonesia and Japan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v9i1.24974Keywords:
Bullying Prevention, Early Detection Survey, Child Protection, Educational Law, Law EnforcementAbstract
The increasing prevalence of bullying in Indonesian educational institutions highlights the urgent need for effective preventive mechanisms to protect children. However, Indonesia has yet to establish a legal framework requiring schools to conduct systematic early detection surveys for bullying, resulting in delayed identification and intervention. This study aims to examine the adequacy of Indonesia’s legal framework regarding bullying prevention and to assess the relevance of Japan’s regulatory approach as a comparative model. Employing a normative legal research method, the study utilizes statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to analyze Indonesian child protection regulations and Japan’s anti-bullying legislation. The findings reveal that although Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection obliges educational institutions to safeguard children from all forms of violence, including bullying, it does not explicitly mandate the implementation of early detection surveys. In contrast, Japan institutionalizes this preventive mechanism through Act No. 71 of 2013, which requires schools to identify and address bullying at an early stage. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of early detection surveys as a legal instrument for preventive child protection within the Indonesian context. This research contributes to the fields of child protection law and educational law by proposing the integration of mandatory early detection surveys into national regulations, thereby strengthening preventive and repressive measures against bullying in schools.
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Fadilah, Anwar, Dijan Widijowati, and Sugeng Sugeng. ‘Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana Bullying Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012’. AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis 5, no. 2 (May 2025): 774–88. https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v5i2.1353.
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Huda, Miftahul, and Ana Silviana. ‘Penanganan Hukum Bagi Anak Sebagai Pelaku Perundungan Di Lingkungan Satuan Pendidikan’. Binamulia Hukum 13, no. 2 (December 2024): 529–41. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v13i2.958.
Irawan, Joshua Evandeo. ‘Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak yang Bekerja Dalam Usaha Kuliner Menurut Undang–Undang Ketenagakerjaan Juncto Undang–Undang Perlindungan Anak’. Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev) 4, no. 1 (November 2021): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.15294/islrev.v4i1.49842.
Irawan, Joshua, Jamin Ginting, Teguh Prasetyo, Fajar Sugianto, and Andrew Johnathan Setia. ‘Criminalization of Teachers Due to Case of Bullying Committed by Students’. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies 10, no. 2 (November 2025): 341–78. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v10i2.21014.
Irwansyah, Irwansyah. Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode dan Praktik Penulisan Artikel (Edisi Revisi). Vol. 3. 5. Mira Buana Media, 2022.
‘Japan Steps up Efforts to Detect Bullying in Schools as Cases Reach Record High | The Straits Times’. Accessed 2 April 2026. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/bullying-cases-reach-record-high-in-japan-education-ministry-says.
Japan Wire by Kyodo News. ‘Record-High Cases of Absenteeism, Bullying at Japanese Schools in FY 2024’. 3 November 2025. https://english.kyodonews.net/articles/-/64165.
Kakunsi, Nur Meyske Anggraini, Suwitno Yutye Imran, and Julisa Aprilia Kaluku. ‘Melindungi Generasi Mengungkap Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Di Lingkungan Pendidikan dan Solusi Holistiknya’. SINERGI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah 1, no. 12 (December 2024): 1201–13. https://doi.org/10.62335/sa7k9578.
Kandia, I. Wayan. ‘Perundungan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Indonesia’. IJOLARES: Indonesian Journal of Law Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 20–24. https://doi.org/10.60153/ijolares.v2i1.43.
Keysinaya, Elsye Yubilia and Nuraeni, “Peran UNICEF Indonesia Menangani Perundungan Di Sekolah Melalui Program Roots,” Sospol 8, no. 2 (December 2022): 207, https://doi.org/10.22219/jurnalsospol.v8i2.22258.
Khoiriyah, Annisa Nur, Dadan F. Ramadhan, and Muhammad Sofyan. ‘Sekolah Ramah Anak Dalam Mencegah Perilaku Bullying di Sekolah Dasar’. Primary: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Kependidikan Dasar 17, no. 1 (Juny 2025): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.32678/primary.v17i1.11473.
Lubis, Teguh Syuhada. “Reformulasi Hukum Penanganan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Di Lingkungan Pendidikan Dalam Upaya Perlindungan Profesi Guru.” DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 1 (January 2021): 191–207. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/delegalata/article/view/4660.
Manilani, Flora Apriliana, Karolus Kopong Medan, and Rosalind A. Fanggi. ‘Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Perundungan (Bullying)’. Artemis Law Journal 2, no. 2 (May 2025): 640–51. https://doi.org/10.35508/alj.v2i2.21180.
Mayasari, Dian Ety, Andreas L. Atjengbharata, and Seguito Monteiro. ‘Legal Protection for Child Victims of Bullying from the Perspective of Child Protection Law’. Yuridika 39, no. 1 (January 2024): 79–96. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v39i1.48032.
Osuka, Yuko, Tomoko Nishimura, Manabu Wakuta, Nori Takei, and Kenji J. Tsuchiya. ‘Reliability and Validity of the Japan Ijime Scale and Estimated Prevalence of Bullying among Fourth through Ninth Graders: A Large-Scale School-Based Survey’. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 73, no. 9 (2019): 551–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12864.
Permatasari, Annisaa, and Zaini Tamin Ar. ‘Kontribusi Sekolah Ramah Anak Terhadap Pencegahan Bullying’. An-Nafah: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keislaman 3, no. 2 (November 2023): 102–16. https://doi.org/10.64469/an-nafah.v3i2.44.
Rosmaharani, Shanti. ‘Deteksi Dini Bagi Guru Untuk Perilaku Bullying Siswa Di SMA Muhammadiyah I Jombang’, Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Kesehatan 7, no. 1 (December 2021): 37, https://doi.org/10.33023/jpm.v7i1.731.
Sintasari, Diardana Prima, Rizka Adelia Amanda, and Alivia Salsabila Herlinasari. ‘Pengaruh Perundungan Terhadap Anak Di Lingkungan Sekolah’. MARAS: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, no. 3 (September 2024): 1369–75. https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i3.397.
Siregar, Dahris Siregar et al., “Law Number 35 of 2014, Article 54, Concerning Child Protection at Kartika 1-2 Medan High School,” INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (May 2024): 10072, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.
Takizawa, Tohru. ‘Bullying-Related Suicides among Japanese Elementary, Middle, and High School Students Using Newspaper Databases’. No. 0. Preprint, 一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会, 2025, https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000016-I2014119579.
Tamaki, Mino, ‘Ijime (Bullying) in Japanese Schools: A Product of Japanese Education Based on Group Conformity - UQ eSpace’. Accessed 2 April 2026. https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:7721.
Wahyudianto, Wahyudianto, and Risma Indrawati. ‘Cyber Bullying diKalangan Pelajar: Tantangan Penegakan Hukum dan Perlindungan Anak’. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business 4, no. 4 (December 2026): 3956–63. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4224.
Wardhani, Novea Elysa, Elin Sudiarti, and Ivani Dominica. ‘Analisis Yuridis Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Korban Bullying di Lingkungan Panti Asuhan (Studi Pada Panti Asuhan Nurul Solihin Palangka Raya)’. UNES Law Review 8, no. 3 (March 2026): 820–33. https://doi.org/10.31933/pze55k51.
Wijaya, Putra, and Gusliana Hb. ‘Relevansi Hak Privasi Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang -Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik Dengan Pasal 28 G Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945’. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 10, no. 22 (2024): 662–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14574771.
Yamada, Salsa, and Rr Nanik Setyowati. ‘Peran Guru Dalam Mengatasi Tindakan School Bullying Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Sekolah Ramah Anak Di SMP Negeri 2 Wates Kab. Kediri’. Journal of Civics and Moral Studies 7, no. 1 (April 2022): 30–43. https://doi.org/10.26740/jcms.v7n1.p30-43.
Yolanda, Anggie, and Gani Nur Pramudyo. ‘Literasi Digital sebagai Sarana Mencegah Perilaku Cyberbullying pada Remaja Kota Tangerang di Media Sosial Instagram’. Anuva: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Perpustakaan, dan Informasi 8, no. 1 (December 2024): 161–72, https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/anuva/article/viewFile/22250/10662.
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05.03.2026
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Irawan, Joshua, and Andrew Setia. “Legal Frameworks for Early Bullying Surveys on Children: A Comparison Between Indonesia and Japan”. Yurispruden 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2026): 110–130. https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v9i1.24974.
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