Developing an ADDIE-based e-module for analytical exposition text: A validity, feasibility, and practicality study

Abstract

Integrating digital learning media has become increasingly important for supporting student-centred learning and enhancing English language instruction in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum. However, teaching analytical exposition text in Indonesian senior high schools remains challenging because students struggle to organize arguments, understand text structures, and apply language features, while existing learning resources are often limited and insufficiently interactive. This study aimed to develop an ADDIE-based e-module integrating project-based learning (PjBL) for teaching analytical exposition text and to evaluate its validity, feasibility, and practicality for Grade XI students. The study used a research and development (R&D) design based on the ADDIE model. Five English teachers participated in the needs analysis, nine experts validated the e-module, and one English teacher and 25 Grade XI students participated in the product evaluation and limited classroom implementation at a senior high school in Pekanbaru. Data were collected through needs analysis questionnaires, expert validation sheets, and teacher and student response questionnaires. The e-module achieved an overall expert validity score of 87.50% (very valid). Feasibility scores were 88.33% for teachers and 82.22% for students, while practicality scores were 87.50% and 85.11%, respectively; all were categorized as very feasible and very practical. The findings indicate that the e-module can serve as a suitable supplementary resource for teaching analytical exposition text and supporting student-centred learning. However, the limited sample and single-school implementation restrict the generalizability of the findings. Future research should involve larger samples and multiple schools to further examine its applicability.