Article files should be provided in Microsoft Word format

While you are welcome to submit a PDF of the document alongside the Word file, PDFs alone are not acceptable. LaTeX files can also be used but only if an accompanying PDF document is provided. Acceptable figure file types are listed further below.

View our manuscript template

The title must be appeal, clear, precise and approximately not more 20 words. Write an article title using simple and straightforward language that can offer readers a glimpse of the content with their first glance.

The names of all contributing authors should be added to the OJS system and manuscript, please list them in the order in which you’d like them to be published. Please write author name, author affiliation (this should be where department, faculty, university, and country they were based when the research for the paper was conducted), and author email address (institutional preferred).

The abstract must be written in a maximum of 250 words and presented as a structured, self-contained paragraph. It should begin with a brief background that outlines the context and research problem, followed by a clear statement of the study’s objective. The methods section should concisely describe the research design, sample, instruments, and analytical approach used. The results should highlight the key empirical findings, and the conclusion should present the main contributions and implications of the study. The abstract must not include citations, should avoid undefined abbreviations, and must clearly state the contribution of the research.

Keywords are an important part of writing an abstract. Authors must provide three to six relevant keywords. that are specific and reflect what is essential about the article. Keywords and the article’s classification should be provided after the abstract.

The introduction should move logically from the general context to the specific research objectives. It must provide a concise background, clearly identify the research problem, and present the current state of the art using relevant and up-to-date literature, prioritizing sources from the last ten years except for foundational works. The section should demonstrate a clear gap analysis and highlight the novelty of the study, followed by a precise statement of the research objectives and or hypotheses. Authors must also justify the significance of the study in contributing to theory, practice, or policy. The introduction should be written in a focused and concise manner, not as an extensive literature review, and no subsections are permitted in this section.

The methods section should enable replication and critical evaluation by clearly explaining how the research was conducted rather than merely defining concepts. It must describe the research design, including its specifications and justification, followed by details on participants and sampling such as population, sampling technique, sample size, inclusion criteria, context, and setting. Authors should explain the data collection instruments or tools used, including validity and reliability measures for quantitative studies, or interview protocols and observation guides for qualitative research. The procedure for data collection should be outlined step by step, including the timeline. The data analysis process must be clearly specified, including statistical tests, effect sizes, and assumption testing for quantitative studies, or coding processes, thematic analysis, and triangulation for qualitative approaches. The section should also address trustworthiness and validity, such as validity, reliability, and normality for quantitative studies, or credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability for qualitative research. Ethical considerations, including ethical approval where applicable, must be stated, along with any methodological limitations related to design and scope. For research involving inclusive artificial intelligence or educational technology, authors should additionally address algorithm transparency, dataset disclosure, bias mitigation strategies, reproducibility, and cultural inclusivity considerations. No subsections are permitted, and all information should be presented in a clear and cohesive narrative.

The results section should present processed data rather than raw data, using tables and figures strategically to enhance clarity and readability. It must provide clear and accurate statistical reporting, including effect sizes, confidence intervals, and p-values where relevant, while offering an objective and concise description of the findings. The results should directly address the research questions or hypotheses and be organized logically in a manner consistent with the methodological approach. Authors must avoid interpretation or theoretical discussion in this section and ensure there is no redundancy between textual explanations and visual presentations. No subsections are permitted, and the findings should be communicated in a clear, structured, and coherent narrative.

The discussion section should be clearly distinct from the results and focus on analytical interpretation rather than repetition of findings. It must interpret the results in relation to the research objectives and integrate them with relevant international literature, highlighting areas of agreement or divergence with previous studies. Authors should provide theoretically grounded explanations, discuss the implications of the findings for theory, practice, and policy, and acknowledge any methodological limitations. The section should also consider possible alternative explanations, suggest directions for future research, and emphasize the relevance and potential scalability of the findings in a global context. The discussion must demonstrate clear theoretical contributions and critical insight, rather than merely restating the results, and no subsections are permitted in this section.

The conclusion should directly address the research objectives and provide a concise synthesis of the study’s core contributions. It must highlight the broader theoretical and or policy implications of the findings while remaining focused and clear. Authors should avoid introducing new arguments or data in this section and ensure that the content does not simply repeat the abstract. The conclusion must be written in a well-structured paragraph format, presenting a coherent and meaningful closing to the study.

Here are some note to do in your conclusion and suggestion section, conclude and summarize by reiterating the main argument, discuss the practical applicability of your findings or newly devised framework, elaborate on the potential implications for future research endeavors, assess the extent to which your initial inquiries have been addressed and emphasize the boundaries of your study. It's important to avoid initiating new subjects, duplicating the introduction, making self-evident assertions, or contradicting prior statements in your conclusion and suggestion section.

Briefly acknowledge institutional, technical, or individual contributions that do not meet authorship criteria. Do not include funding information here.

Example: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board of [Institution Name] (Approval Number: XXXX). All procedures were in accordance with national regulations and international ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Authors must clearly state the availability of their research data by selecting one of the following options. For openly accessible data, authors should declare: Open Access Data: The dataset is publicly available at [repository link]. If the data are not publicly accessible but can be shared upon request, authors should state: Restricted Access: Data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. If the data cannot be shared due to ethical, legal, or privacy constraints, authors must declare: Confidential Data: Data are not available to the public due to ethical or privacy restrictions.

All sources of external research funding must be clearly acknowledged in the Acknowledgements section. Authors should specify the funding institution and describe the role of the funder or financial sponsor throughout the research process, including study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation. If the research is funded, use the following statement: This research was funded by [Institution Name], Grant No. [XXXX]. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or preparation of the manuscript. If no external funding was received, authors must declare: This research did not receive external funding.

Authors must clearly specify individual contributions using the authors’ initials as indicated in the Statement of Contributions. Each role should reflect the specific involvement of each author in the research and manuscript preparation process, such as conceptualization, methodology, data collection, analysis, writing, and supervision. Contributions should be presented concisely and accurately to ensure transparency and accountability in authorship.

In the realm of APA Style, it's important to note that all forms of visual presentations, excluding tables, are categorized as figures. Varieties of figures encompass line graphs, bar graphs, various charts such as flowcharts and pie charts, illustrations, drawings, maps, plots such as scatterplots, photographs, as well as informative infographics. The crux of figure creation rests upon the principle of delivering information in a coherent manner, facilitating ease of comprehension for readers. Figures should be endowed with self-sufficiency, enabling readers to grasp the content without necessitating textual reference.

There are a few other important points to note. Firstly, all figures must be provided at the highest attainable resolution and quality, ensuring clarity in both numerical values and textual components. Acceptable formats encompass .ai, .eps, .jpeg, .bmp, and .tif. Secondly, electronic figures generated in alternative applications should be submitted in their original formats or seamlessly integrated into a blank MS Word document, or alternatively presented as a PDF file. Thirdly, all captions of figures and tables should duly acknowledge the necessary credit line, acknowledgments, or attributions, particularly if the use of such figures or tables has been authorized. If these visual aids are proprietary to the author(s), this aspect should be acknowledged in the caption.

Figures should be typed and embedded in the text after each is first mentioned (or “called out”). An embedded figure may take up an entire page; if the figure is short, however, text may appear on the same page as the figure. In that case, place the figure at either the top or bottom of the page rather than in the middle. Also add one blank double-spaced line between the figure and any text to improve the visual presentation.

View the sample figures to see these guidelines in action.

Tables should be typed and embedded in the text after each is first mentioned (or “called out”). An embedded table may take up an entire page; if the table is short, however, text may appear on the same page as the table. In that case, place the table at either the top or bottom of the page rather than in the middle. Also add one blank double-spaced line between the table and any text to improve the visual presentation.

View the sample tables to see these guidelines in action.

The manuscript is expected to include approximately 20-25 primary and up-to-date references to ensure high-quality contributions to knowledge development. Authors are encouraged to cite articles primarily from reputable primary source publications (journals) from the last 10 years. Moreover, authors should refrain from excessively referencing their own work (self-citation). Citations and references must strictly adhere to the APA (American Psychological Association) style. We recommend that authors utilize reference management software, such as Mendeley, Zotero, RefWorks, or the basic Microsoft Word References Manager.

The details of references using APA styles can be seen here.

An appendix contains material which is important to the understanding of your paper, but which would disrupt the reader's train of thought if you featured it in the main body of the article. If in doubt, study published examples in the journal you plan to submit to.