Designing augmented reality to support spatial visualization in solid geometry: a needs-driven development approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33474/jpm.v12i2.25706Keywords:
Augmented Reality, Spatial Visualization, Flat-Sided Solid Geometry, ADDIE, Unity, Mathematics EducationAbstract
This study developed and evaluated a Unity-based Augmented Reality (AR) learning medium designed to support eighth-grade students' spatial visualization in flat-sided solid geometry (cubes, cuboids, prisms, and pyramids). Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach structured by the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The media was built with Unity, Blender, Canva, and Vuforia. The distinctive feature is an interactive net-representation function that lets learners watch a solid unfold into its net and fold back, externalizing the net-to-solid transition that needs analysis identified as students' central difficulty. The product was validated by two material experts, two media experts, and two practitioner-teachers, and trialed with 12 students (small group) and 34 students (field). Validation placed the media in the "very feasible" category (material experts 96% and 91%; media experts 100% and 94%; practitioners 92% and 97%), and student responses in both trials were consistently positive for usability and practicality. Because the study assessed feasibility and practicality rather than learning outcomes, it does not claim measured gains in achievement or spatial visualization. Instead, it establishes a validated, classroom-ready medium whose effectiveness should be tested experimentally in future work.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Rifky Permadi, Satya Santika, Yeni Heryani ; Teerapat Piyaket
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