Examining the Constitutional Court’s Changing Approach to the Presidential Threshold
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v8i2.23836Keywords:
Constitutional Court Decision, Legal Reasoning, Democratic System, Presidential Threshold, JurisprudenceAbstract
The Presidential Threshold is a constitutional issue that continues to spark debate in Indonesia’s democratic system, as it is viewed as undermining electoral justice and limiting citizens’ choices in presidential elections. The Constitutional Court has repeatedly received petitions for judicial review of Article 222 of Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Elections. This study aims to analyze the Court’s shifting stance in reviewing the constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold and to identify the legal reasoning underlying its decisions. Employing a normative juridical approach combined with comparative analysis of Constitutional Court rulings from 2008 to 2024, the study finds that various arguments claim Article 222 contradicts citizens’ political rights, the principle of popular sovereignty, and substantive justice. The findings highlight evolving dynamics in the Court’s jurisprudence and the ongoing challenge of maintaining consistency in constitutional interpretation amid political pressures and broader social change. The novelty of this study lies in analyzing changes in the Constitutional Court’s approach to the presidential threshold provision by tracing the evolution of legal reasoning across different rulings, thereby revealing the dynamics of constitutional interpretation regarding this issue.
References
Ardiyansyah, Amzar, M. Nur, and Mahfud Abdullah. “Kewenangan Penetapan Bakal Calon Legislatif Untuk Suatu Daerah Pemilihan Di Aceh.” Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan 8, no. 2 (August 2020): 267–82. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v8i2.715.
Arifudin, Arifudin, and Hamdan Zoelva. “Pembaharuan Sistem Presidential Threshold Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Konsep Prismatika Hukum.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 10, no. 2 (October 2022): 127–40. https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.10.2.127-140.
Armia, Muhammad Siddiq, Nafrizal Nafrizal, M. Deni Fitriadi, and Iqbal Maulana. “Penghapusan Presidential Threshold Sebagai Upaya Pemulihan Hak-Hak Konstitutional.” Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Syariah 1, no. 2 (November 2016): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v1i2.83.
Aziz, Ahmad Yusril, Dwi Budiarti, and Istijab Istijab. “Presidential Threshold Penentuan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Dalam Pemilihan Umum Berdasarkan Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum.” Yurijaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 6, no. 1 (August 2024): 34–48. https://doi.org/10.51213/yurijaya.v6i1.128.
Falaakh, Fajrul. Konstitusi dan Kekuasaan: Gagasan, Tafsir Dan Implementasi Dalam Sejarah Politik Indonesia. Yogyakarta: FH UGM Press, 2011.
Farid, Achmad Miftah Farid, and Nanik Prasetyoningsih Nanik. “Legal Reasoning of the Constitutional Court Verdict Number 25/PUU-XX/2022 on the State Capital Law According to Social Justice Value.” Jurnal Jurisprudence, 2022, 217–32. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v12i2.1285.
Ghoffar, Abdul. “Problematika Presidential Threshold: Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pengalaman di Negara Lain.” Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 3 (2018): 480–501. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1532.
gusti.grehenson. “Pakar UGM:Penghapusan Presidential Threshold jadi Langkah Maju Menuju Pemilu Demokratis.” Universitas Gadjah Mada, January 14, 2025. https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/pakar-ugm-penghapusan-presidential-threshold-jadi-langkah-maju-menuju-pemilu-demokratis/.
Hapsari, Yasinta Dyah Paramitha, and Retno Saraswati. “Dampak Pelaksanaan Presidential Threshold pada Pemilu Serentak terhadap Demokrasi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 5, no. 1 (January 2023): 70–84. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v5i1.70-84.
Harahap, Muhammad Kholis. “Berubahnya Pendirian Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Presidential Threshold.” Buletin Konstitusi 5, no. 2 (December 2024): 90–115. https://doi.org/10.30596/konstitusi.v5i2.23306.
Hasibuan, Ivan Ihza Shobari, and Sunny Ummul Firdaus. “Kajian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Terkait Presidential Threshold (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tahun 2017 -2022).” Res Publica: Jurnal Hukum Kebijakan Publik 6, no. 3 (December 2022): 363–73.
Isra, Saldi. Hubungan Presiden dan DPR. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2013.
Isra, Salsi. Pergeseran Fungsi Legislasi. Depok: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2018.
Kodiman, Abdul, and Siti Fatimah. “Urgensi dan Peran Partai Politik Dalam Pembangunan Masyarakat Madani Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Tana Mana 4, no. 1 (May 2023): 84–91. https://ojs.staialfurqan.ac.id/jtm/article/view/287.
Kumoro, Bawono. “Menakar Kualitas Institusionalisasi Partai Politik Dalam Sistem Multipartai Di Indonesia – Jaringan Survei Inisiatif.” 1 September2025. https://jsinisiatif.id/2013/12/18/menakar-kualitas-institusionalisasi-partai-politik-dalam-sistem-multipartai-di-indonesia/.
Kurnia, Titon. “Presidential Candidacy Threshold and Presidentialism Affirmation in Indonesia.” Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 7, no. 3 (February 2025): 353–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n3.a4.
Marendra, Lucky. Buku Pintar Pemilu dan Demokrasi. Bogor: Komisi Pemilihan Umum Kota Bogor, 2020.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. “The Significance of Desert-Based Distributive Justice to People Well-Being.” Yuridika 40, no. 1 (January 2025): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v40i1.55437.
Mas’udah, Al. “The Presidential Threshold As An Open Legal Policy In General Elections In Indonesia.” Prophetic Law Review 2, no. 1 (July 2020): 37–58. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol2.iss1.art3.
MD, Mahfud. Perdebatan Hukum Tata Negara Pasca Amandemen Konstitusi. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2011.
———. Politik Hukum Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2017.
Mukhlis, Muhammad Mutawalli, Piaget Mpoto Balebo, Andi Syarifuddin, and Muhammad Saleh Tajuddin. “Limitasi Demokrasi Hak Presiden dalam Kampanye Politik Sebagai Penguatan Sistem Pemilihan Umum.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 6, no. 2 (2024): 260–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v6i2.260-280.
Pratama, Aditya Andela, Kholifatul Muna, Zico Junius Fernando, and Ariesta Wibisono Anditya. “Revitalisasi Konstitusional Berbasis Pancasila Dalam Penghapusan Presidential Threshold.” Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan 5, no. 1 (April 2025): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.52738/pjk.v5i1.725.
Rannie, Mahesa, Retno Saraswati, and Fifiana Wisnaeni. “Does the Reform of the Parliamentary and Presidential Threshold Strengthen the Presidential System in Indonesia?” Sriwijaya Law Review 8, no. 1 (January 2024): 133–51. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol8.Iss1.3157.pp133-151.
Rauta, Umbu, and Ninon Melatyugra. “Hukum Internasional Sebagai Alat Interpretasi Dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang.” Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 1 (March 2018): 73–94. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1514.
Rishan, Idul. “Risiko Koalisi Gemuk Dalam Sistem Presidensial Di Indonesia`.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 2 (May 2020): 219–40. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss2.art1.
Rizqullah, Muhammad Faishal, Putri Aliyya Nurhasanah, Muhammad Luthfi Permana, and Nurlaili Rahmawati. “Dampak Presidential Thresold Terhadap Pencalonan Presiden Dalam Pemilu Tahun 2024.” Journal Politique 4, no. 1 (January 2024): 63–88. https://doi.org/10.15642/politique.2024.4.1.61-84.
Saad, Muhammad, Dian Fitri Sabrina, and Sukardi Sukardi. “The Political Cartel of Presidential Candidacy through Threshold Brings Up a Single Candidate.” Media Iuris 5, no. 1 (February 2022): 101–14. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v5i1.32040.
Sabrina, Dian Fitri, and Sukardi. “The Threshold Requirements For Presidential Nomination On The Constitutional Perspective.” Media Iuris 7, no. 1 (February 2024): 131–48. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v7i1.38218.
Subiyanto, Achmad Edi. “Pemilihan Umum Serentak yang Berintegritas sebagai Pembaruan Demokrasi Indonesia.” Jurnal Konstitusi 17, no. 2 (August 2020): 355–71. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1726.
Sutopo, Umarwan, Achmad Hasan Basri, and Hilman Rosyidi. “Presidential Threshold in The 2024 Presidential Elections: Implications for The Benefits of Democracy In Indonesia.” Justicia Islamica 21, no. 1 (June 2024): 155–78. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v21i1.7577.
Syabani Korompot, Moh. Iqra, Sholahuddin Al-Fatih, and David Pradhan. “The Principle of Equality Before the Law in Indonesian Corruption Case: Is It Relevant?” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 1, no. 3 (November 2021): 135–46. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v1i3.13.
Taufiqurrohman, Moch Marsa. “Meninjau Penerapan Ambang Batas Pemilihan pada Sistem Pemilihan Umum Proporsional di Indonesia.” Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 12, no. 1 (April 2021): 128–43, https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/politika/article/view/30579.
Utami, Mega Setya, and Agus Riwanto. “Analisis Konstitusionalitas Kebijakan Presidential Threshold Guna Memenuhi Hak Pilih Warga Negara Dalam Pilpres (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 4/PUU-XXI/2023).” Res Publica: Jurnal Hukum Kebijakan Publik 8, no. 3 (November 2024): 417–29. https://doi.org/10.20961/respublica.v8i3.85705.
Wibawa, Suyatno. Mengelola Negara. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Gaya Media, 2012.
Wijaya, Asep, Rosmini, and Poppilea Erwinta. “Problematika Hukum Penerapan Presidential Threshold Dalam Pemilihan Umum Di Indonesia.” Risalah Hukum, June 30, 2020, 45–54. https://doi.org/10.30872/risalah.v16i1.316.
Arifudin, Arifudin, and Hamdan Zoelva. “Pembaharuan Sistem Presidential Threshold Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Konsep Prismatika Hukum.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 10, no. 2 (October 2022): 127–40. https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.10.2.127-140.
Armia, Muhammad Siddiq, Nafrizal Nafrizal, M. Deni Fitriadi, and Iqbal Maulana. “Penghapusan Presidential Threshold Sebagai Upaya Pemulihan Hak-Hak Konstitutional.” Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Syariah 1, no. 2 (November 2016): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v1i2.83.
Aziz, Ahmad Yusril, Dwi Budiarti, and Istijab Istijab. “Presidential Threshold Penentuan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Dalam Pemilihan Umum Berdasarkan Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum.” Yurijaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 6, no. 1 (August 2024): 34–48. https://doi.org/10.51213/yurijaya.v6i1.128.
Falaakh, Fajrul. Konstitusi dan Kekuasaan: Gagasan, Tafsir Dan Implementasi Dalam Sejarah Politik Indonesia. Yogyakarta: FH UGM Press, 2011.
Farid, Achmad Miftah Farid, and Nanik Prasetyoningsih Nanik. “Legal Reasoning of the Constitutional Court Verdict Number 25/PUU-XX/2022 on the State Capital Law According to Social Justice Value.” Jurnal Jurisprudence, 2022, 217–32. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v12i2.1285.
Ghoffar, Abdul. “Problematika Presidential Threshold: Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pengalaman di Negara Lain.” Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 3 (2018): 480–501. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1532.
gusti.grehenson. “Pakar UGM:Penghapusan Presidential Threshold jadi Langkah Maju Menuju Pemilu Demokratis.” Universitas Gadjah Mada, January 14, 2025. https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/pakar-ugm-penghapusan-presidential-threshold-jadi-langkah-maju-menuju-pemilu-demokratis/.
Hapsari, Yasinta Dyah Paramitha, and Retno Saraswati. “Dampak Pelaksanaan Presidential Threshold pada Pemilu Serentak terhadap Demokrasi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 5, no. 1 (January 2023): 70–84. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v5i1.70-84.
Harahap, Muhammad Kholis. “Berubahnya Pendirian Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Presidential Threshold.” Buletin Konstitusi 5, no. 2 (December 2024): 90–115. https://doi.org/10.30596/konstitusi.v5i2.23306.
Hasibuan, Ivan Ihza Shobari, and Sunny Ummul Firdaus. “Kajian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Terkait Presidential Threshold (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tahun 2017 -2022).” Res Publica: Jurnal Hukum Kebijakan Publik 6, no. 3 (December 2022): 363–73.
Isra, Saldi. Hubungan Presiden dan DPR. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2013.
Isra, Salsi. Pergeseran Fungsi Legislasi. Depok: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2018.
Kodiman, Abdul, and Siti Fatimah. “Urgensi dan Peran Partai Politik Dalam Pembangunan Masyarakat Madani Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Tana Mana 4, no. 1 (May 2023): 84–91. https://ojs.staialfurqan.ac.id/jtm/article/view/287.
Kumoro, Bawono. “Menakar Kualitas Institusionalisasi Partai Politik Dalam Sistem Multipartai Di Indonesia – Jaringan Survei Inisiatif.” 1 September2025. https://jsinisiatif.id/2013/12/18/menakar-kualitas-institusionalisasi-partai-politik-dalam-sistem-multipartai-di-indonesia/.
Kurnia, Titon. “Presidential Candidacy Threshold and Presidentialism Affirmation in Indonesia.” Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 7, no. 3 (February 2025): 353–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n3.a4.
Marendra, Lucky. Buku Pintar Pemilu dan Demokrasi. Bogor: Komisi Pemilihan Umum Kota Bogor, 2020.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. “The Significance of Desert-Based Distributive Justice to People Well-Being.” Yuridika 40, no. 1 (January 2025): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v40i1.55437.
Mas’udah, Al. “The Presidential Threshold As An Open Legal Policy In General Elections In Indonesia.” Prophetic Law Review 2, no. 1 (July 2020): 37–58. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol2.iss1.art3.
MD, Mahfud. Perdebatan Hukum Tata Negara Pasca Amandemen Konstitusi. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2011.
———. Politik Hukum Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2017.
Mukhlis, Muhammad Mutawalli, Piaget Mpoto Balebo, Andi Syarifuddin, and Muhammad Saleh Tajuddin. “Limitasi Demokrasi Hak Presiden dalam Kampanye Politik Sebagai Penguatan Sistem Pemilihan Umum.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 6, no. 2 (2024): 260–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v6i2.260-280.
Pratama, Aditya Andela, Kholifatul Muna, Zico Junius Fernando, and Ariesta Wibisono Anditya. “Revitalisasi Konstitusional Berbasis Pancasila Dalam Penghapusan Presidential Threshold.” Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan 5, no. 1 (April 2025): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.52738/pjk.v5i1.725.
Rannie, Mahesa, Retno Saraswati, and Fifiana Wisnaeni. “Does the Reform of the Parliamentary and Presidential Threshold Strengthen the Presidential System in Indonesia?” Sriwijaya Law Review 8, no. 1 (January 2024): 133–51. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol8.Iss1.3157.pp133-151.
Rauta, Umbu, and Ninon Melatyugra. “Hukum Internasional Sebagai Alat Interpretasi Dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang.” Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 1 (March 2018): 73–94. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1514.
Rishan, Idul. “Risiko Koalisi Gemuk Dalam Sistem Presidensial Di Indonesia`.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 2 (May 2020): 219–40. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss2.art1.
Rizqullah, Muhammad Faishal, Putri Aliyya Nurhasanah, Muhammad Luthfi Permana, and Nurlaili Rahmawati. “Dampak Presidential Thresold Terhadap Pencalonan Presiden Dalam Pemilu Tahun 2024.” Journal Politique 4, no. 1 (January 2024): 63–88. https://doi.org/10.15642/politique.2024.4.1.61-84.
Saad, Muhammad, Dian Fitri Sabrina, and Sukardi Sukardi. “The Political Cartel of Presidential Candidacy through Threshold Brings Up a Single Candidate.” Media Iuris 5, no. 1 (February 2022): 101–14. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v5i1.32040.
Sabrina, Dian Fitri, and Sukardi. “The Threshold Requirements For Presidential Nomination On The Constitutional Perspective.” Media Iuris 7, no. 1 (February 2024): 131–48. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v7i1.38218.
Subiyanto, Achmad Edi. “Pemilihan Umum Serentak yang Berintegritas sebagai Pembaruan Demokrasi Indonesia.” Jurnal Konstitusi 17, no. 2 (August 2020): 355–71. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1726.
Sutopo, Umarwan, Achmad Hasan Basri, and Hilman Rosyidi. “Presidential Threshold in The 2024 Presidential Elections: Implications for The Benefits of Democracy In Indonesia.” Justicia Islamica 21, no. 1 (June 2024): 155–78. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v21i1.7577.
Syabani Korompot, Moh. Iqra, Sholahuddin Al-Fatih, and David Pradhan. “The Principle of Equality Before the Law in Indonesian Corruption Case: Is It Relevant?” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 1, no. 3 (November 2021): 135–46. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v1i3.13.
Taufiqurrohman, Moch Marsa. “Meninjau Penerapan Ambang Batas Pemilihan pada Sistem Pemilihan Umum Proporsional di Indonesia.” Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 12, no. 1 (April 2021): 128–43, https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/politika/article/view/30579.
Utami, Mega Setya, and Agus Riwanto. “Analisis Konstitusionalitas Kebijakan Presidential Threshold Guna Memenuhi Hak Pilih Warga Negara Dalam Pilpres (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 4/PUU-XXI/2023).” Res Publica: Jurnal Hukum Kebijakan Publik 8, no. 3 (November 2024): 417–29. https://doi.org/10.20961/respublica.v8i3.85705.
Wibawa, Suyatno. Mengelola Negara. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Gaya Media, 2012.
Wijaya, Asep, Rosmini, and Poppilea Erwinta. “Problematika Hukum Penerapan Presidential Threshold Dalam Pemilihan Umum Di Indonesia.” Risalah Hukum, June 30, 2020, 45–54. https://doi.org/10.30872/risalah.v16i1.316.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
28.09.2025
How to Cite
Ummu Hanie, Sidik Adi Purnama, and Faiz Rahmanto. “Examining the Constitutional Court’s Changing Approach to the Presidential Threshold”. Yurispruden 8, no. 2 (September 28, 2025): 266-86. https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v8i2.23836.
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ummu Hanie, Sidik Adi Purnama, Faiz Rahmanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication and dissemination of the article is subject to an attribution license (CC BY) under the Creative Commons Attribution License, so that others free also to copy, and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and build upon material for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they give credit to the author for the authentic work.
