Problematika Pengaturan Restorative Justice terhadap Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia

Haliza Layla Tsabita; Apriliani Kusumawati

doi:10.33474/yur.v9i2.24699

Authors

Haliza Layla Tsabita Law Study Program Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Apriliani Kusumawati Law Study Program Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v9i2.24699

Keywords:

Political Parties, Regional Representative Council, Justice, Spanish Senate, Constitutional System

Abstract

Regulatory inconsistencies pose a barrier to the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia, particularly in the handling of sexual violence cases. This issue arises because Article 5 of Police Regulation No. 8/2021 does not exclude sexual violence crimes from the restorative justice mechanism, while Article 21 of Law No. 12/2022 explicitly prohibits the resolution of cases outside the judicial process. This study aims to analyze the normative limitations of applying restorative justice in sexual violence cases and to identify the implications of regulatory disharmony on legal certainty. This study employs a normative legal methodology, drawing on legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The analysis of legal materials is conducted through two principal techniques, namely descriptive and analytical analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that this regulatory disharmony leads to multiple interpretations, weakens legal certainty, and disrupts the coherence of restorative justice implementation within the criminal justice system; therefore, regulatory harmonization is necessary through the establishment of an integrated legal framework oriented toward victim protection. The novelty of this study lies in its critical analysis of the inconsistencies in restorative justice regulations regarding the handling of sexual violence crimes by examining the interrelationships among various laws and law enforcement policies in effect in Indonesia. The contribution of this study is to propose a direction for regulatory reform that prioritizes the principles of victim protection, substantive justice, and legal certainty as the foundation for harmonizing restorative justice policies, thereby serving as a reference for lawmakers and law enforcement officials in formulating mechanisms for resolving sexual violence cases.

References

Alhakim, Abdurrakhman, Teguh Prasetyo, and Henry Soelistyo Budi. “Revitalizing Justice: Empowering Juvenile Sexual Offenders through a Restorative Approach in Indonesia.” Journal of Judicial Review 25, no. 1 (June 2023): 17–32. https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v25i1.7537.
Aslamiyah, Nurul. “Penerapan Restorative Justice Terhadap Kasus Kekerasan Seksual Di Desa.” El-Dusturie 4, no. 1 (July 2025): 81–95. https://doi.org/10.21154/eldusturie.v4i1.11038.
Asnawi, M. Natsir, Iwahori Badia Yosafat Putra, Muhammad Multazam, and Wayan Suparta. “Keadilan Restoratif Dari Perspektif Filsafat Hukum Progresif: Merekonstruksi Paradigma Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Judge: Jurnal Hukum 6, no. 06 (January 2026): 1866–74, https://journal.cattleyadf.org/index.php/Judge/article/view/2049.
Baehaki, Kadimuddin, and Trisno R. Hadis. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Saksi Dan Korban Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia: Legal Protection of Witnesses and Victims in Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System.” Jurnal Media Hukum 11, no. 1 (March 2023): 52–63, https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol5.iss1.art2.
Begouvic, M. Eza Helyatha, Rizki Ramadhani, Jemmi Angga Saputra, and M. Reza Yupely. “Penyelesaian Perkara Tindak Pidana Persetubuhan Terhadap Anak Yang Dilakukan Anak Menggunakan Pendekatan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.” SOL JUSTICIA 7, no. 2 (December 2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.54816/sj.v7i2.937.
Dewantara, Yuni Putri, and Ika Fransisca. “Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelecehan Seksual Cyber.” Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 10, no. 2 (December 2024): 223–51, https://jurnal.unsur.ac.id/index.php/jhmj/article/view/4679.
Dewi, Geney Srikusuma. “Penetapan Pengadilan Sebagai Muara Dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana Di Luar Pengadilan Yang Menggunakan Pendekatan Restorative Justice.” Jurnal Yustitia 17, no. 01 (July 2023): 56–66. https://doi.org/10.62279/yustitia.v17i01.1047.
Dewi, Widya Ari, Satya Arinanto, and Muhammad Ilham Hermawan. “Legal Protection for Victims in The Resolution of Criminal Cases Through Restorative Justice Mechanisms.” Jurnal Daulat Hukum 8, no. 4 (January 2026): 1070–86. https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/RH/article/view/50835/15321.
Eglash, Albert. “Creative Restitution. A Broader Meaning for an Old Term.” The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science 48, no. 6 (1958): 619–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/1140258.
Ismail, Dian Ekawaty, Avelia Rahmah Y. Mantali, and Mohamad Rivaldi Moha. “The Concept of Revitalizing Traditional Institutions in the Criminal Law System to Realize Restorative Justice.” Jambura Law Review 5, no. 2 (June 2023): 220–34. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v5i2.11682.
Karimullah, Suud Sarim. “From Punishment to Healing: The Transformative Power of Restorative Justice.” ResearchGate 29, no. 4 (January 2026): 678–90. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i4.1688.
Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. “Transformasi yang tertunda: Temuan Pemantauan Berperspektif Keadilan Gender pada Praktik Keadilan Restoratif di 9 Provinsi 23 Kota/Kabupaten.” Accessed March 17, 2026. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/pengembangan-pengetahuan-detail/transformasi-yang-tertunda-temuan-pemantauan-berperspektif-keadilan-gender-pada-praktik-keadilan-restoratif-di-9-provinsi-23-kota-kabupaten.
Liu, Yu-Wei. “Assessing the Feasibility of Police Participation in Restorative Justice in Taiwan: A Restorative Policing Perspective.” International Journal of Law and Society 9, no. 1 (February 2026): 83–98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20260901.18.
Maharian, Safira Gustika. “Restorative Justice in the Reform of the Indonesian Criminal System (Case Study of Violence Against Children in the Selebar Police Sector Area, Bengkulu City).” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 5 (September 2024): 1865–71. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i5.504.
Maulidiya, Nabila, Indi Ulya Kamalin, and Jelita Yupitasari. “Eksplorasi Pendekatan Restorative Justice sebagai Mekanisme Pengurangan Angka Residivisme: Analisis Kritis terhadap Efektivitas Teori Relatif dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia.” Progressive Law Review 7, no. 1 (2025): 24–33, https://progresiflawreview.ubl.ac.id/index.php/plr/article/view/255.
Naiborhu, Mesa Indra, and Wagiman Wagiman. “The Fundamental Position Of Lex Posterior Derogat Legi Priori in the Conflict of Norms Against the Rights of Holders of The Right to Justice.” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 5, no. 2 (February 2024): 659–71. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i2.906.
OHCHR. “Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power.” Accessed March 17, 2026. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/declaration-basic-principles-justice-victims-crime-and-abuse.
Procter-Legg, Thomas, Jonathan Hobson, and Ernest Quimby. “Restorative Justice and Social Justice: An International Perspective.” Contemporary Justice Review 27, nos. 2–3 (July 2024): 218–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2024.2414953.
Rahayu, Ni Kadek Putri Sita, and Gunardi Lie. “Tinjauan Filosofis Dan Yuridis Terhadap Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.” Jurnal Yustitia 21, no. 2 (December 2025): 31–48. https://doi.org/10.62279/yustitia.v21i2.1675.
Rahman, Malik Akbar Mulki, Nafiis Daffa Firdaus, and Mario Sulistiyo Wijatmoko. “How Criminology and Victimology Answer the Problem of Rape Victim Protection?” Law Research Review Quarterly 9, no. 2 (May 2023): 153–82. https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v9i2.65934.
Rizvi, Syed Arshad Ali, Izza Mahfooz, and Syeda Sitara Murtaza. “Sexual Harassment and Coping Strategies: Legal Responses and Victim Protection in Known and Unknown Perpetrator Cases.” Annals of Human and Social Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 2024): 569–83, https://ojs.ahss.org.pk/journal/article/view/889.
Rochaeti, Nur, Mujiono Hafidh Prasetyo, Umi Rozah, and Jihyun Park. “A Restorative Justice System in Indonesia: A Close View from the Indigenous Peoples’ Practices.” Sriwijaya Law Review 1, no. 1 (January 2023): 87–104. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol7.Iss1.1919.pp87-104.
Sandoval, Lucia, and Carlos Velasquez. “Restorative Justice in Criminal Law: Assessing Its Role in Reducing Recidivism Rates.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 1, no. 1 (November 2024): 34–38. https://international.appihi.or.id/index.php/IJLCJ/article/view/250.
Saputra, Azis. “Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Guna Mewujudkan Kemanfaatan Dan Keadilan Masyarakat.” Jufrnal Litbang Polri 26, no. 3 (2023): 155–66. https://doi.org/10.46976/litbangpolri.v26i3.225.
Sary, Wevy Efticha, and Fakhriyah Annisa Afroo. “Problematika Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Incest: Tantangan Dan Harapan.” Jurnal Ilmiah Kutei 24, no. 1 (July 2025): 80–98. https://doi.org/10.33369/jik.v24i1.43310.
Sukedi, Mochamad, and I. Nengah Nuarta. “Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Dalam Sistem Hukum Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 5, no. 2 (September 2024): 222–30, https://www.ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/juprehum/article/view/10415.
Sukma, Angki. Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif Pada Tindak Pidana yang Tidak Memenuhi Syarat Diversi di Indonesia, Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 8 (March 2024): 61–67, https://ojs.daarulhuda.or.id/index.php/Socius/article/view/236.
Taufik, Zahratul’ain, and Atika Zahra Nirmala. “Restorative Justice Sebagai Metode Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana Pelaku Dewasa Di Kejaksaan Negeri Lombok Timur.” Journal Kompilasi Hukum 9, no. 2 (December 2024): 203–13, https://jkh.unram.ac.id/index.php/jkh/article/view/187.
Valentino, Cecilia Rudolf. “Restorative Justice as an Alternative in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System.” Journal of Progressive Law and Legal Studies 3, no. 03 (September 2025): 348–61. https://doi.org/10.59653/jplls.v3i03.1864.
Warjiyati, Sri, Zeti Nofita Sari, Safrin Salam, and Arif Firdaus Ananda. “Benturan Norma dalam Implementasi Asas Lex Superior Derogate Legi Inferiori pada Surat Edaran dan Undang-Undang.” Reformasi Hukum 28, no. 3 (December 2024): 234–50, https://ojs.uid.ac.id/index.php/jrh/article/view/732.
Widiatmika, Dewa Putu Hendra. “Penerapan Perpol Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif Di Direktorat Reserse Kriminal Umum Polda Bali.” IJOLARES: Indonesian Journal of Law Research 1, no. 1 (March 2023): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.60153/ijolares.v1i1.1.